| A | B |
|---|
| Napoleon Bonaparte | French general who became emperor of France and tried to conquer all of Europe |
| Continental System | Napoleon's plan to blockade England's Trade |
| Peninsula Wars | guerrilla wars fought between France and Spain over France's attempt to rule spain |
| Russian Invasion | Napoleon's disastrous military campaign that resulted in his defeat and intitial exile |
| Napoleonic Code | Napoleon's law code and lasting contribution to European Politics |
| Waterloo | site of Napoleon's final defeat |
| Congress of Vienna | meeting held by Europe's leaders after the defeat of Napoleon to try to restore Europe's borders to they way they were before. |
| Prince Metternich | Austrian diplomat who dominated the Congress of Vienna and developed the Balace of Power doctrine |
| Balance of Power | policy favored at the Congress of Vienna, based around having empires of similar power in order to preserve peace |
| 1848 revolutions | revolutions across Europe fueled by nationalism that failed to produce any actual democratic reforms |
| Conservatism | political ideology based around relying on past traditions, favored by nobility |
| Liberalism | political philosophy based around giving commoners more political rights and supporting democracy. Favored by middle class merchants |
| Radicalism | exreme political philosophy based around expanding democracy and redistributing wealth. Favored by the peasants and poorer classes |
| Nation | a group of people unitied by common characteristic (language, religion, etc) |
| Nation-State | A country that contains mainly people from the same nation |
| Nationalism | pride in one's people or land, to the extent where you feel it is superior to others |
| Camillo Cavour | united Northern Italy |
| Giusseppe Garibaldi | united Southern Italy with his red shirt army |
| Papal States | portion of Italy controlled by the pope. This was the last group to join Italian unification. |
| Vatican City | Portion of Rome still controlled by Catholic Church today |
| Otto von Bismarck | Prussian foreign minister who led Germany's unification movement |
| Realpolitik | philosophy based around doing whatever it takes to make your country more powerful, without regard to morals |
| Franco-Prussian War | War that completed German unification by bringing in S. German states in a conflict against France |
| German confederation | loose combination of 39 German kingdoms, that was dominated by Austria and Prussia |
| Britain | country who avoided revolution by granting more democratic reforms to its people |
