| A | B |
|---|
| Astrolabe | Navigation device originally developed by the Greeks and later perfected by Muslims, it told measured degrees away from the equator |
| Caravel | a sturdier ship used for navigation |
| Cartographer | someone who makes maps |
| circumnavigate | to sail around the Earth |
| Prince Henry the Navigator | Portuguese noble who established a school for navigation |
| Vasco de Gama | Portuguese explorer who reached Spice Islands by a sea route |
| Ferdinand Magellan | Sailing for Spain, he was the first to circumnavigate the globe |
| Hernando Cortes | Spanish conquistador who conquered the Aztecs |
| Christopher Columbus | sailed for Spain and is credited with the European discovery of the New World |
| Conquistador | term give to the Spanish conquerers of the Americas |
| Amerigo Vespucci | first European explorer to realize that the "new world" was in fact separate from Asia |
| Jacques Cartier | French explorer who discovered the St. Lawrence River |
| Francisco Pizarro | Conquistador who conquered the Inca in Peru |
| Privateer | a legal pirate who would steal the cargo of spanish ships |
| Middle Passage | the long difficult journey of slaves from Africa to the Americas |
| Francis Drake | English explorer who circumnavigated the globe |
| Columbian exchange | exchange of products and technologies from one hemisphere to another that resulted from the discovery of the new world |
| Triangular trade route | three step trade route between Europe, W. Africa, and the Americas |
| Colony | overseas land established to help its parent/mother country |
| Mestizo | someone of a mixture of Native and European blood |
| smallpox | deadly disease that devastated the native population in the Americas |
| Mullatto | A person of mixed African and European descent in the latin American Caste System |
| Latin American Caste System | rigid social structure in Latin America that ranked people based on their racial background |
| Old World Agricultural products | Sugar Cane, Coffee, Tea |
| New Word Agricultural Products | Potato, Tomato, Tobacco, Maize |
| Joint Stock Companies | Businesses created by people who bought shares or stock in exchange for a % of the profit. These companies helped Europe start colonies. |
| Dutch East India Company | Joint Stock Company from Holland that controlled parts of Indonesia and the Spice Trade |
| British East India Company | British Joint Stock Company that gained control over India |
| Virginia Company of London | British Joint Stock Company that established Jamestown, the 1st permanent settlement in N. America |
| spices | major trade item sought by Europeans that helped spur exploration |
| inflation | major economic problem that resulted from Spain's importation of precious metals |
| race | charateristic that slavery became based around as a result of the triangular trade route |
| Christianity | major religion that contributed to the age of exploration by seeking more followers |
| Africa | destination for the first leg of the triangular trade route where manufactured goods were traded for slaves |
| Europe | starting point and final destination for triangular trade route where raw materials were sold for profit. |
| Americas | destination for the first leg of the triangular trade route where slaves were traded for agricultural products |
| Italy | country thta intially held a monopoly on the spice trade earning them great proftis |
| indigenous | term that means "native" and referred to the people and empires of the Americas |
| Constantinople | city that was conquered by muslism and closed to christian traders causing Europeans to search for a different way to reach Asia |
| Plantation | large scale farms that hurt both the local economy and the environment |
