| A | B |
|---|
| 95 Theses | Martin Luther's published criticism of the Catholic Church |
| Protestant | the term given to the group of Christians who protested and broke away from the Catholic Church |
| Usury | making of loans with interest, it was forbidden by the Catholic Church |
| Indulgences | sold by the church as penance for sins, people thought they could buy their way into heaven |
| Johan Tetzel | Catholic priest in Germany notorious for selling indulgences |
| Martin Luther | German reformer, who broke with the Catholic Church beginning the reformation |
| Excommunicate | to be expelled from the church |
| Predestination | Religious theory of John Calvin that claimed that God determined at birth whether some one would achieve salvation or not |
| Theocracy | a government where religious leaders are in control |
| John Calvin | French Reformation leader who founded the theory of Predestination and established a strict theocracy in Switzerland |
| Heny VIII | English King who brought the reformation to England by dismissing the Pope's authority |
| Anglican Church | name for the new church formed and led by Henry VIII when he broke from the Catholic Church |
| Hapsburg Family | powerful ruling family in Europe who were strong supporters of the catholic church |
| The Thirty Years' War | Conflict in Europe that began in Germany and was fought between German Protestant and Catholic nobles |
| Elizabeth I | Daughter of Henry VIII, English queen who re-established the Anglican Church in England and led England through the reformation |
| Huguenots | name given to Protestants in France |
| Edict of Nantes | issued by King Henry IV of France to give the Huguenots religious freedom |
| Cardinal Richelieu | French leader who revoked the Edict of Nantes and joined the Protestant side in the 30 years' war |
| Catholic Counter Reformation | series of reforms made by the Catholic Church to try to gain/keep followers |
| Jesuits (society of Jesus) | Catholic goup of priests who taught and spread Catholicism throughout the world |
| Council of Trent | meeting of Catholic leaders to attempt to reform Catholic Doctrine |
| Inquisition | established by the Catholic Church to enforce their doctrine |
| Ignatius | founder of the Society of Jesus |
| Simony | the selling of church position |
| St. Bartholomew's day massacre | major episode of violence against Huguenots in France |
| John Wycliffe | English reformer who came before Martin Luther known for translating the Bible into English |
| Jan Huss | Refomrer prior to Luther who criticized the Catholic church and was burned at the stake for his religious beliefs. |
| Johannes Gutenberg | inventor of the printing press |
| Printing Press | new invention that helped increase literacy and spread ideas |
| Spanish armada | massive fleet of ships sent to try to force Catholic beliefs on England. It was defeated in 1588 allowing England to remain protestant and continue to grow in power. |
