| A | B |
|---|
| Prince Henry the Navigator | Portuguese noble who established a school for navigation |
| Vasco de Gama | Portuguese explorer who reached Spice Islands by a sea route |
| Ferdinand Magellan | Sailing for Spain, he was the first to circumnavigate the globe |
| Hernando Cortes | Spanish conquistador who conquered the Aztecs |
| Christopher Columbus | sailed for Spain and is credited with the European discovery of the New World |
| Conquistador | term give to the Spanish conquerers of the Americas |
| Jacques Cartier | French explorer who discovered the St. Lawrence River |
| Ferdinand and Isabella | Spanish monarchs who sponsored Christopher Columbus' voyage to the New World |
| Francisco Pizarro | Conquistador who conquered the Inca in Peru |
| Privateer | a legal pirate who would steal the cargo of spanish ships |
| Middle Passage | the long difficult journey of slaves from Africa to the Americas |
| Francis Drake | English explorer who circumnavigated the globe |
| Columbian exchange | exchange of products and technologies from one hemisphere to another that resulted from the discovery of the new world |
| Triangular trade route | three step trade route between Europe, W. Africa, and the Americas |
| Colony | overseas land established to help its parent/mother country |
| Mestizo | someone of a mixture of Native and European blood |
| smallpox | deadly disease that devastated the native population in the Americas |
| 95 Theses | Martin Luther's published criticism of the Catholic Church |
| Protestant | the term given to the group of Christians who protested and broke away from the Catholic Church |
| Usury | making of loans with interest, it was forbidden by the Catholic Church |
| Indulgences | sold by the church as penance for sins, people thought they could buy their way into heaven |
| Johan Tetzel | Catholic priest in Germany notorious for selling indulgences |
| Martin Luther | German reformer, who broke with the Catholic Church beginning the reformation |
| Predestination | Religious theory of John Calvin that claimed that God determined at birth whether some one would achieve salvation or not |
| Theocracy | a government where religious leaders are in control |
| John Calvin | French Reformation leader who founded the theory of Predestination and established a strict theocracy in Switzerland |
| Heny VIII | English King who brought the reformation to England by dismissing the Pope's authority |
| Anglican Church | name for the new church formed and led by Henry VIII when he broke from the Catholic Church |
| Hapsburg Family | powerful ruling family in Europe who were strong supporters of the catholic church |
| The Thirty Years' War | Conflict in Europe that began in Germany and was fought between German Protestant and Catholic nobles |
| Elizabeth I | Daughter of Henry VIII, English queen who re-established the Anglican Church in England and led England through the reformation |
| Capitalism | Economic system based on businesses and individuals competing for profits. It was a rising economic system under Elizabeth. |
| Huguenots | name given to Protestants in France |
| Edict of Nantes | issued by King Henry IV of France to give the Huguenots religious freedom |
| Cardinal Richelieu | French leader who revoked the Edict of Nantes and joined the Protestant side in the 30 years' war |
| Joint Stock Company | new type of company in England where investors bought shares of a company and recieved shares of the profit |
| Catholic Counter Reformation | series of reforms made by the Catholic Church to try to gain/keep followers |
| Jesuits (society of Jesus) | Catholic goup of priests who taught and spread Catholicism throughout the world |
| Council of Trent | meeting of Catholic leaders to attempt to reform Catholic Doctrine |
| Inquisition | established by the Catholic Church to enforce their doctrine |
| Ignatius | founder of the Society of Jesus |
| Cultural Diffusion | the spread of ideas from one place to another |
| Northern Renaissance | term given to the renaissance era ideas that developed in N. Europe. |
| The Movable Type Printing Press | developed by Johanes Gutenberg, it helped spread renaissance ideas |
| Erasmus | author of the "Praise of Folly" a humanist work tht criticized the church |
| Sir Thomas More | author of "utopia" which was a criticism of the distribution of wealth in Europe. |
| Shakespeare | English renaissance writer, famous for his plays and sonnets |
| Silk roads | series of trade routes between Asia and the Mediterranean Basin |
| Marco Polo | Trader from Venice believed to have traveled to China and recorded his journey |
| Trans Saharan Trade Route | Linked Africa with the Mediterraneane. Was a major route for Salt & Gold trade. |
| Indian Ocean Route | main maritime route in 1500 AD |
