| A | B |
|---|
| Arabian Peninsula | lies between the northeast coast of Africa and central Asia |
| Bedouins | herders who roamed the desert in search of of grass and water for their camels, goats, and sheep. |
| Hejaz | mountainous area of western Arabia |
| Islam | "the act of submitting" |
| Muhammad | the prophet of Allah |
| Allah | the God |
| Muslim | a follower of Islam |
| Makkah | the largest and richest city in the Hejaz region at the time |
| pilgrims | travelers to a religious shrine |
| Ka'bah | Arabia's holiest shrine located in the center of Makkah |
| Kad'juh | wealthy widow who married Muhammad |
| revelation | vision |
| Gabriel | angel who appeared to Muhammad, Moses, and other prophets |
| Day of Judgment | the day on which people would rise from the dead to be judged for their actions on Earth |
| Yathrib | One of the three major cities in Arabia at the time, which invited Muhammad to be their leader |
| Madina | the new name of Yathrib, meaning the "city of the prophet." |
| Anno Hijrah | "Year of the Migration" |
| Quran | Muslim holy scriptures |
| pillars of faith | five duties all Muslims must fulfill |
| First pillar of faith | confession of faith |
| Second pillar of faith | prayer |
| mosque | Muslim house of worship |
| imam | Muslim prayer leader |
| Third pillar of faith | zakah, or charity |
| zakah | charity |
| Fourth pillar of faith | fasting |
| Fifth Pillar of faith | pilgrimage |
| hajj | the pilgrimage to Makkah two months after Ramadan |
| alchemists | the scientific process where one tries to turn base metals, such as time, iron, and lead, into gold or silver. |
| tides | the rise and fall of the ocean |
| al-Idrisi | drew the first accurate map of the world |
| circulates | moves to and from a central point |
| contagious | the ability to be passed from person to person |
| Canon of Medicine | an encyclopedia of medicine |
| Avicenna | the author of the Canon of Medicine |
| The Arabian Nights | a collection of stories put together from Persian stories |
| Omar Khyyam | author of the Rubaiyat |
| The Rubaiyat | considered one of the finest poems ever written |
| Ibn Khaldun | Muslim historian who wrote about the Arabs, the Berbers, and the Persians. |
