| A | B |
|---|
| fossil fuels | Coal, oil, or natural gas |
| smog | a thick haze of fog and chemicals |
| infrastructure | a system of roads and railroads that allows the transport of materials |
| pollutant | chemical & smoke particles that cause pollution |
| czar | a name for emperor in Russia’s past |
| serf | a farm laborer who could be bought and sold along with the land |
| communist state | A country whose government has strong control over the economy and society as a whole |
| command economy | An economic system in which the government decides how resources are used and what goods and services are produced |
| glastnost | the Russian policy of “openness” |
| perestroika | the Soviet policy that loosened government controls and permitted its economy to move towards free enterprise |
| coup | action in which a group of people seize control of a government |
| oral tradition | refers to folktales and other stories that are preserved by being remembered & spoken |
| collectivization | A system in which small farms were combined into huge state-run enterprises with work done by mechanized techniques in hopes of making farming more efficient and reducing the need for farm workers |
| autonomy | having independence from another country |
| taiga | huge forests of evergreen trees that grow in subarctic regions |
| permafrost | permanently frozen lower layers of soil in the tundra and subarctic regions |
