| A | B |
|---|
| Built landscape | Features & patterns reflecting human occupation & use of natural resources |
| Cultural landscape | Fashioning of a natural landscape by a cultural group. |
| Arithmetic density | Total number of people divided by the total land area. |
| Physiological density | Number of people per unit of area of arable land. |
| Hearth | Region from which innovative ideas orginate. |
| Relocation diffusion | Spread of a feature or trend through movement of people from one place to another. |
| Hierarchical diffusion | Spread of a feature or trend from one key person/node of authority to other person/places. |
| Contagious diffusion | Rapid, widespread diffusion of a feature or trend througout a population. |
| Stimulus diffusion | Spread of an underlying principle, even though a specific characteristic is rejected. |
| Expansion diffusion | Spread of a feature or trend among people from one area to another in a snowballing process. |
| Dispersed | Situated far from each other. |
| Clustered | Situated close to each other. |
| Absolute distance | Exact measurement of physical space between two places. |
| Relative distance | Measure of distance that includes the costs of overcoming the friction the distance separating two place, often describes amount of social, cultural, etc. connectivity between two places. |
| Environmental determinism | Study of how the physical environment causes human activities. |
| Absolute location | The defininte position of a place. |
| Relative location | Position of a place in relation to other places. |
| Site | Physical character of a place, described by local relief, landforms, etc. |
| Situation | Relative location of a place in relation to physical & cultural characteristics of the surrounding area & the connections within that system. |
| Toponym | Name given to a portion of the Earth's surface. |
| Natural landscape | Landscapes unaltered by human activities. |
| Possibilism | Theory that physical environment may set limits on human actions, but people have the ability to adjust to the physical environment & choose a course of action from many alternatives. |
| Formal/Uniform region | Area in which everyone shares in one or more distinctive characteristics |
| Functional/Nodal region | Area organized around a focal point, tied together because of social or economic relationships. |
| Perceptual/Vernacular region | Area that people believe exists as part of their cultural identit, exists in the minds of people. |
| Scale | Relationship between the size of an object on a map & size of actual feature on Earth's surface. |
| Distance decay | Diminishing in importance of a phenomenon with increasing distance from its origin. |
| Space-time compression | Reduction in the time it takes to diffuse something to a distant place as a result of improved communications & transportation systems. |
| Distortion | A false or misleading account - in terms of a map, change in the actual shape or size |
| Geographic information system GIS | Computer tools used to capture, store, transform, analyze, & display geographic data. |
| Global positioning system GPS | Set of satellites used to help determine location anywhere on Earth's surface with a portable electronic device. |
| Map Scale | Ratio which compares a measurement on a map to the actual distance between locations identified on the map. |
| Choropleth Map | Thematic map that uses tones or colors to represent spatial data as average values per unit area. |
| Mental map | Representation of a portion of Earth's surface based on what an individual knows about a place, containing personal impressions of what is in a place & where places are located. |
| Projection | System used to transfer locations from Earth' surface to a flat map. |
| Isochrone | A line connecting all points having some property simultaneously such as equal time difference |
