| A | B |
|---|
| Alliteration | Repetition of first syllable through multiple words |
| Analogy | Comparison of two objects in multiple ways or four objects in one way |
| Aphorism | Original short phrase - musing on life |
| Apostrophe | Direct speech to an inanimate object |
| Argument | Author's claim; what the author is proving |
| Assonance | Repetition of the vowel sound in multiple words |
| Atmosphere | Establishing mood through setting |
| Author's purpose | Reason the author is writing/ speaker is speaking |
| Cacophony | harsh, discordant sounds |
| Claim | What the author believes/is trying to prove |
| Connotation | Meaning beyond the dictionary definition |
| Consonance | Repetition of consonant sound throughout multiple words - not just at end or beginning of the words |
| Denotation | Dictionary Definition |
| Diction | word or phrase choice |
| Ethos | Petition to the speaker's ability |
| Extended metaphor | One comparison used multiple times throughout a work |
| Figurative language | Language used in a non-literal way |
| Hyperbole | Extreme exaggeration |
| Imagery | Sensory details |
| Irony | Contrast of what is and what appears to be |
| Metaphor | Comparison of two or more objects without like, as, than, or resembles |
| Metonymy | Term subbed for another; "White House" for the president or the presidency |
| Mood | Overall atmosphere of the work |
| Motif | Recurring theme, idea, or character |
| Onomatopoeia | Sounds in word form: buzz; swoosh, slap |
| Oxymoron | Two opposite phrases combined to one idea - jumbo shrimp |
| Paradox | Statements that seem to contradict themselves but are nevertheless true. |
| Parallel Structure | words in a sentences written exactly with the same grammatical structure. |
| Pathos | Emotional appeals |
| Personification | Comparison giving human or animalistic qualities to inanimate objects |
| Rhetoric | Art of using language to communicate effectively |
| Satire | Using wit to imitate; ridicule |
| Setting | Time and place of the action |
| Style | the way the author writes – combines diction and syntax |
| Symbolism | Comparison where an object represents an idea |
| Synecdoche | Part for the whole; the crown spoke = the king spoke; body part or part associated directly with the object |
| Syntax | sentence structure |
| Tone | Author's attitude for a subject reflected in diction |
| Understatement | deliberately stated as less for dramatic impact |
| Allusion | a reference to a statement, person, place, or event that is famous. |
| Counterclaim | A claim that is opposite to the proposed claim or thesis of the author |
| Deductive Reasoning | a conclusion drawn from a set of premises contains no more information than the premises taken collectively |
| Inductive Reasoning | logic from detailed facts to general principles; a logical process in which a conclusion is proposed that contains more information than the observations or experience on which it is based |
| Logos | logical appeals |
| Rhetorical Question | a question to which no answer is required |
