| A | B |
|---|
| ABO system | method by which blood is identifed as one of four blood types: A, B, AB, or O |
| blood products | components extracted from blood and administered to clients who need specific blood substances but not all the fluid and cellular components in whole blood |
| central venous sites | sites that deliver solutions into a large central vein, such as the superior vena cava |
| colloid solutions | solutions containing water and molecules of suspended substances such as blood cells and blood products (i.e. albumin) |
| crystalloid solutions | solutions that consist of water and uniformly dissolved crystals such as salt (sodium chloride), orher electrolytes, and sugar (glucose, dextrose) |
| drop factors | ratio of drops to mL delivered by tubing in the administration of IV solution |
| drop size | volume of IV fluid determined by the opening in the tubing |
| electronic infusion device | machine that regulates and monitors the administration of IV solutions |
| emulsion | mixture of two liquids, one of which is insoluble in the other; when combined, the two are distributed throughout the mixture as small, undissolved |
| hypertonic solution | solution that is more concentrated than body fluid and draws fluid into the intravascular compartment from the more dilute areas within the cells and interstitial spaces |
| hypotonic solution | solution that contains fewer dissolved substances in comparison to plasma and is effective in rehydrating clients experiencing fluid deficits |
| infusion pump | device that exerts positive pressure to infuse IV solutions and adjusts the pressure according to the resistance it meets |
| in-line filter | device that removes air bubbles as well as undissolved drugs, bacteria, and large molecules from an infusing solution |
| intravenous (IV) therapy | parenteral administration of fluids and additives into a vein |
| isotonic solution | solution containing the same concentration of dissolved substances normally found in plasma; used to maintain fluid balance when clients temporarily cannot eat or drink |
| macrodrip tubing | intravenous tubing that releases large-sized drops of IV solution |
| medication lock | sealed chamber that allows intermittent access to a vein |
| microdrip tubing | intravenous tubing that releases small-sized drops of IV solution |
| midclavicular catheter | peripherally inserted catheter which extends from a superficial vein to the proximal end of the axillary or subclavian vein |
| midline catheter | peripherally inserted venous access device inserted from just above or below the antecubital area in the basilic, cephalic, or median cubital vein until the tip rests in the upper arm just short of the axilla; used for clients who have limited peripheral veins or who require an extended period of IV fluid therapy |
| packed cells | blood solution that has most of the plasma (fluid) removed; used for clients who need cellular replacements but do not need and may be harmed by the administration of additional fluid |
| peripheral venous sites | superficial veins of the arm and hand; the most common sites for infusing IV fluids |
| phlebitis | inflammation of the vein |
| plasma expanders | nonblood lsolutions that pull fluid into the vascular space and are used as an economical and virus-free substitute for blood and blood products |
| pressure infusion sleeve | device wrapped around an IV solution bag that exerts a squeezing action to facilitate rapid infusion |
| primary tubing | long tubing used to administer a large volume of IV solution over an extended period or a small volume through a medication lock |
| Rh factor | protein surface marker on red blood cells |
| salvaged blood | blood collected and reinfused during surgery or shortly thereafter |
| secondary tubing | short intravenous tubing used to administer smaller volumes of solution through a port in the primary tubing |
| total parenteral nutrition | hypertonic parenteral solution consisiting of nutrients designed to meet nearly all the caloric and nutritional needs of clients who are severely malnourished or cannot consume food or liquids for a long time |
| universal donor | person with type O blood |
| universal recipient | person with type AB blood |
| unvented tubing | type of intravenous tubing that does not draw air into a container of solution; used for solutions packaged in plastic bags |
| venipuncture | method for gaining access to the venous system by piercing a vein with one of various devices |
| vented tubing | intravenous tubing that draws air into a container of solution; used for administering solutions packaged in glass containers to facilitate their flow |
| volumetric controller | device that infuses IV solutions using gravity and compressing the tubing at a certain frequency to infuse the solution at a precise preset rate |
| whole blood | solution containing blood cells and plasma with preservative and anticoagulant added |
| Y-administration tubing | intravenous tubing used to administer whole blood or packed cells that contains two branches; one for blood and one for isotonic (normal) saline |
