| A | B |
|---|
| active transport | movement of materials in cells that requires a cell to use energy |
| binary fission | cell division process used by bacteria in which one cell divides into two cells |
| cell cycle | three part life cycle of a eukaryotic cell |
| cellular respiration | the process by which eukaryotic cells produce ATP from glucose and oxygen |
| centromere | the region that holds chromatids together when a chromosome is copied |
| chromatids | identical chromosome copies |
| chromosomes | coiled structure of DNA and protein that forms in a cell's nucleus during cell division |
| cytokinesis | the process in which cytoplasm divides after mitosis |
| diffusion | the movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration |
| endocytosis | the process in which the cell membrane surrounds a particle and encloses it in a vesicle to bring it into the cell |
| exocytosis | the process used to remove large particles from a cell |
| fermentation | the breakdown of glucose to make ATP in the absence of oxygen |
| homologous chromosomes | chromosomes with matching or similar information |
| mitosis | nuclear division in eukaryotic cells in which each cell receives a copy of the original chromosomes |
| osmosis | diffusion of water across a cell membrane |
| passive transport | diffusion of particles through proteins in the cell membrance from areas of high concentration to areas where concentration of particles is low; no energy needed |
| photosynthesis | process by which plants capture light energy from the sun and convert it into sugar |
| ATP | the molecule that supplies energy to fuel the activities of the cell |
| glucose | a carbohydrate that chloroplasts in plants cells make from sunlight, water and carbon dioxide; mitochondria convert glucose into ATP |
| chhorophyll | green pigment found in chloroplasts that captures sunlight to power the process of photosynthesis |
