| A | B |
|---|
| Federalism | A nation organized into two or more levels of government that share power, meaning they have authority over the same area and people. |
| Unitary Government | A nation organized to have all power in the central government, and leave the state with little or none. |
| Intergovernmental | The influence and relationship that the national, state and local governments have with each other in things such as regulations, the transfers of funds and the sharing of information. |
| Tenth Amendment | The power not delegated to the national gvt. by the constitution, nor prohibited by it to the states, are reserved to the states respectively, or to the people. |
| McCulloch vs. Maryland | An 1819 Supreme Court case led by Chief Justice John Marshall that established that the national government had more power over the state governments. |
| Enumerated Powers | Specific powers in the Constitution that are written down. For example, in Art. I, it says that Congress can do things like imposing taxes, coining money, declare war, etc. |
| Implied Powers | These are powers given to Congress that are additional to the enumerated rights in the Constitution. These are powers that Congress has assumed over time. |
| Elastic Clause | It gives Congress permission to pass laws that are “necessary and proper” to put in action the enumerated powers. |
| Gibbons v. Ogden | An 1824 supreme court case that broadly interpreted commerce, giving Congress a wide-ranging power to regulate businesses. |
| Full faith and Credit | The Constitution expects each state to recognize the public acts, records, documents (birth and marriage certificates), and judicial proceedings of all other states. |
| Extradition | When a state has to give a criminal back to the state where the crime was committed. |
| Privileges and Immunities | There are commitments that the states have towards other states’ citizens, which means that they cannot discriminate the citizens in any aspect. |
| Dual Federalism | A government where the states and the national government have divided the powers with each ruling separating over their own distinct issues. |
| Cooperative Federalism | A government structure in which the states and the national government share the powers and policy assignments. |
| Devolution | The passing on of policy responsibilities to states and local governments from the federal government. The federal gvt. Is giving away some of its power. |
| Fiscal Federalism | The ways in which spending, taxing, and grants are distributed in the federal system. |
| Categorical Grants | Gives permission to use federal grants only for specific purposes of states and local spending. |
| Project Grants | One type of categorical grant which is awarded to states or cities because of their competitive applications. |
| Formula Grants | Categorical grants that are given out according to a bunch of conditions listed in the legislation and in the administrative regulations. |
| Block Grants | A type of grant that is given automatically to states or communities so they can decide how to spend the money in programs like social services. A chunk of money to spend as they need. |
