| A | B |
|---|
| geology | scientific study of the earth and how it works |
| Geologist | study of Earth's landscaper and whole interior |
| nonrenewable sources | metal deposits that do not grow back after harvesting |
| Geologic hazards | natural hazards such as earthquakes and hurricanes |
| pyroclastic flow | "hot, turbulent mixture of expanding gases and volcanic ash flows rapidly" |
| mud flow | "slurry of water & rock debris that flows down a stream channel" |
| Geologic Time | "moves extremely slow, referred to as deep time involves 1,000 or 2,000 years for an event " |
| physical geology | "division concerned with the materials and changes in surface/interior of the Earth" |
| Earth System | "small part of larger solar system, 4 sub-systems" |
| atmosphere | gases that envelop the Earth |
| hydrosphere | "water on/near Earth's surface" |
| Biosphere | all living or once living material |
| Geosphere | Solid Earth System |
| Solid Earth System | Rock and other inorganic Earth material making up bulk of planet |
| organic matter | "solid dirt - a mixture of decomposed & disintegrated rock" |
| inorganic | "not once living - solid earth & rock, makes up bulk of planet" |
| Earth's Machine | powered by 2 engines |
| Earths 2 engines | internal and external |
| Earths 3 zones | "mantle, crust, lithosphere" |
| 2 types of crust | Oceanic and continental crust |
| Mantle | "solid rock - flows slowly upward or downward depending on temp" |
| Crust | "outer layer - very thin" |
| Oceanic Crust | "made of rock, more dense and thinner than continental rock" |
| Continental crust | less dens and thicker than oceanic crust |
| Lithosphere | made up of crust and uppermost rigid part of mantle |
| asthenosphere | "softer layer that lithosphere moves over, moves more readily." |
| tectonic forces | "forces generated inside of earth cause deformation of rock and vert/horiz mvmt of crust" |
| inner core | solid |
| outer core | liquid |
| Theory of Plate Tectonics | "unifying theory, explains geography formation and accounts for geological phenomena" |
| Plate tectonics | lithosphere broken into plates that are in motion |
| 3 types of plate boundaries | "Divergent, Convergent, Transform" |
| Divergent Boundaries | "2 plates moving apart - most coincide with submarine mntn ranges" |
| magma | molten rock |
| igneous rock | "rock that forms when magma solidifies, become oceanic crus" |
| rift valley | runs along the crest of the ridge |
| Convergent Boundaries | "plates move toward each other, destroys old sea floor, 3 TYPES" |
| Ocean-Continent Convergent Boundary | oceanic plate sinks below continental plate in the subduction zone |
| subduction zone | "zone where oceanic plate descends into the mantle beneath an over-riding plate" |
| oceanic trench | "where O-C-C-B collides and lithosphere descends, deepest part of worlds oceans." |
| Ocean-Ocean Convergent Boundary | "both plates are oceanic and denser plate subducts beneth the lesser dense plate. Forms Volcanic islands arcs. " |
| Volcanic island arc | volcanic islands formed from the rising magma that grows from the ocean floor |
| 3 Types of Convergent Boundaries | "Ocean-Continent-C-B, Ocean-Ocean-C-B, Continent-Continent-C-B" |
| Continent-Continent Convergent Boundary | "2 plates continental, neither subducts b/c cont lithosphere less dense than mantle below.forms mtn belts" |
| Formed by C-C-C-B | "Himalayan Mntn Belt, preceded by O-C, India collided w/Asia. " |
| Example of Transform Boundary | San Andreas Fault |
| Transform Boundary | 2 plates slide horizontally past each other |
| Formed by O-C-C-B | "Andes/Cascades, due to activity near edge of continents" |
| Surficial | "Earth's external Heat engine" |
| Isostatic Adjustment | "vertical mvmt of sections of Earth's crust to achieve balance" |
| Why continental crust is above sea level | "lighter rock will "float" and oceanic crust is below sea level" |
| erosion | "moving water, ice or wind loosens and removes material" |
| equilibrium | "adjusted to the physical and chemical conditions of their environment, do not change over time" |
| sediment | break down of rock and loose material |
| scientific method | belief that universe is orderly and objective analysis can provide discovery through a series of steps |
| data | "facts that are gathered, available info pertinent to the question or problem" |
| hypotheses | tenative explanations or solutions that are consistent with observed data |
| theory | hypothese that passes testing |
| continental drift | "Alfred Wegener (1900's) advocated continents part of Pangaea and broke apart moving over oceanic crust" |
| Pangaea | a supercontinent |
| sedimentary rock | cemented loose particles and sediment that becomes lithified |
