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| Cell theory: All living things are composed of _______? | cells |
| Cell theory: Cells come from __________ cells. | preexisting |
| Cell theory: Cells are the basic units of ________ and __________ in all living things. | structure and function |
| The naming of "cells" comes from Hooke or Leeuwenhoek? | Hooke- he observed walls of plant cells |
| Who developed the first simple light microscope? Hooke or Leeuwenhoek? | Leeuwenhoek |
| Which microscope can magnify up to a million times? light or electron microscope? | electron microscope |
| What is the genetic material in the nucleus of a cell? | DNA |
| What is the outer boundary of a cell that regulates the traffic in and out of the cell called? | the plasma membrane (also known as the cell membrane) |
| Where is the cell's genetic information found? the nucleus or cytoplasm | nucleus |
| Which part of a cell holds the DNA (genetic material)? | nucleus |
| What are the differences of animal and plant cells? | plants have cell walls/ animals have membranes; only plants contain chloroplasts; plants have large vacuoles |
| There are two major classes of cells. Which class has no nucleus? prokaryotes or eukaroytes? | prokaryotes (hint: think pro means NO and eu means DO |
| Are human beings prokaryotes or eukaryotes? | eukaryotes (Eu DO!!!) |
| Which type of cell has no nucleus? | prokaryotes (pro NO!!!) |
| The plasma (cell) membrane contains what two main components? | proteins and phospholipids |
| Which part of the phospholipid is hydrophobic? (water fearing) the heads or the tails | tails are hydrophobic |
| Are the heads of the phospholipids hydrophobic or hydrophilic? | heads are hydrophyilic ( water loving) |
| The heads of phospholipids are made of __________ and the tails are made of what? | phosphorus; fatty acids |
| Movement of MOLECULES from an area of high concentration to less concentration is what? diffusion or osmosis? | diffusion (Does not require energy) |
| What is the passive transport of WATER across a permeable membrane called? diffusion or osmosis? | osmosis |
| When no energy is expended by the cell during diffusion is that active or passive transport? | passive transport |
| What provides a pathway in the cell membrane for facilitated diffusion (a passive transport)? | transport proteins |
| Passive transport of WATER across a selectively permeable membrane is the definition of osmosis or diffusion? | osmosis |
| A solute is what is being dissolved in a solvent. If a solution has a higher concentration of solute is it hypertonic or hypotonic? | hypertonic |
| If the solute concentration is equal is it hypotonic or isotonic? | isotonic |
| What do we call a solution with a lower concentration of solute? hypertonic or hypotonic | hypotonic |
| The membrane that surrounds the NUCLEUS in a eukaryote cell is called what? | nuclear envelope |
| Inside the nucleus is the nucleolus. What is in the nucleolus? | parts that will make ribosomes |
| What do ribosomes do? make protein or create energy? | make protein (hint: think RIBS... ribs are made of protein!) |
| What is the function of the endoplasmic reticulum? | it's a network that manufactures proteinand transports material through the cell |
| What are attached to the rough endoplasmic reticulum? ribosomes or chlorophyll? | ribosomes. |
| What does the rough ER produce? | proteins |
| What does the smooth ER produce? | lipids |
| What does the Golgi apparatus do? | packages, modifies and ships molecules in the cell (hint... it's like UPS) |
| Where are water and nutrients stored in cells? vacuoles or ribosomes? | vacuoles |
| Why are vacuoles so large in plants? | To store water and nutrients. (Hint... plants don't move so they have to store water) |
| What organelle sacs contain digestive enzymes that break down proteins, etc.? lysosomes or ribosomes? | lysosomes (Hint... think LYSOL which cleans homes by breaking down grease, etc.) |
| What is the name of the organelle in plants that absorbs sunlight and converts sunlight into sugar? chloroplasts or chlorophyll? | chloroplasts |
| What organelle changes sugar from plants into usable energy called ATP? ribosomes or mitochondria? | mitochondria |
| What is the jelly-like fluid region between the nucleus and plasma membrane called?? cytoplasm or ectoplasm? | cytoplasm |
| What encloses a cell and controls what enters and leaves the cell? | cell membrane |
| What organelle build proteins? | ribosomes |
| What organelle breaks down nutrients and foreign substances? | lysosomes |
| What organelle in the nucleus contains the parts to make ribosomes? | nucleolus |
| What organelle stores food, water, wastes and building materials? | vacuoles |
| What is the powerhouse of the cell and performs cellular respiration? | mitochondria |
| What cell part has the network of microtubules and microfilaments? cytoskeleton or cytoplasm | cytoskeleton (usually found in the cytoplasm, cytosketeton give the cell shape, support or organelles, etc.) |
| The double helix of sugar, phospates and nitrogen bases that contain genetic material is called what? DNA or bi-layer | DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) |
| What is the membrane that surrounds the cell and controls the movement in and out of the cell called? | phospholipid bi-layer |
| What is the protein making organelle? | ribosomes |
| What organelle has ribosomes attached to its outer surfaces? | rough ER or rough endoscopic reticulum |
| Which organelle stores, packages and moves proteins? | golgi apparatus |
| What membrane like sacs contain digestive enzymes? | lysosomes |
| What organelle stores water and materials in plants? | vacuoles |
| The passage of large molecules through the plasma membrane INTO the cell is called what? exocytosis or endocytosis? | endocytosis (requires energy!0 |
| The passage of large molecules OUT of the cell is called what? endocytosis or exocytosis | exocytosis (requires energy!) |
| What is it called when molecules moving in and out of the cell are almost equal? | equilibrium |
| What type of transport uses energy to move molecules from low concentration to high concentration? active or passive transport? | active transport |
| Osmosis is a form of active or passive transport? | passive transport (it uses no energy) |
| What are the sacs that moves products in, out and around the cell called? vesicles or UPS | vesicles |
| Plasma (cell) membranes HAVE or DO NOT HAVE selectively permeable membranes? | It HAS a selectively permeable membrane |
| Which organelle SYNTHESIZES ribosomes? | nucleolus |
| Which organelle PRODUCES proteins? | ribosomes |
| What kind of proteins are located in the cell membrane? transport or carrier proteins? | transport proteins |
| What organelle transports proteins? the endoscopic reticulum or the mitochondria | endoscopic reticulum |
| What microfilament structure has a long, thin, whip-like tail? flagella or cilia? | flagella |
| True or false? Cell walls are in plants only. | True |
| Which organelle makes proteins using instructions that come from the nucleus? | ribosomes |
| What cell structure contains the cell's genetic material? | nucleus |
| What organelle produces the energy for the cell? | mitochondria |
| What are the channels in the plasma membrane made of? | proteins |
