| A | B |
|---|
| The sutdy of interactions among organisms and their enviroment is called what? Ecology or Biology? | Ecology |
| Is soil a abiotic or biotic factor? | Abiotic... soil is non-living |
| Whe smallest unit of Ecology studies is the organism or the population? | The organism |
| What is a group of organisms living in a specific area called? a population or a community | A population |
| Which includes the all the biotic and abiotic factors in a specific area? a community or and ecosystem? | An ecosystem because communities only count living organisms |
| If you put all the Earth ecosystems together do you get a biome or biosphere? | A biosphere |
| Do communities include both biotic and abiotic factors? | No, communities only include the living (biotic) factors |
| Do ecosystems include both the biotic and abiotic factors? | Yes, ecosystems are the living and non-living parts of an area |
| What are habitats? | Specific enviroments in which organisms live. |
| What causes the habitats to be "patchy" or spread out? | temperature, water, etc. |
| Sunlight, Water, Temperature, Soil and Wind are example of biotic or abiotic factors? | Abiotic factors |
| Life exists in what range of temperatures 0-50 degrees celcius or 50-100 degrees celcisus? | 0-50 degrees celcius |
| What is the abiotic factor that is essential to life on earth? water or soil | water |
| Why do different areas on Earth receive different amounts of sunlight (solar energy)? | Because the earth is a sphere |
| Where onthe Earth do the sun's ray hit most directly? Equator or the Poles | Equator |
| the temperature zone are based on what lines? Latitude or Longitude | Latitude |
| the warmest temperature zone is what? polar, temperate or tropic? | Tropic zone |
| Which zone is located north and south of 66.5 degrees? Polar, temperate or tropic? | Polar zone |
| Which zone is the United States in? Polar, temperate or tropic? | Temperate zone |
| Which zone receives less extreme temperatures? Polar, temperate or tropic? | Temperate zone because it get less extreme cold than the polar and less extreme heat than the tropics |
| Temperature differences on the earths surface create the movement of air and water? | True |
| What is climate in a specific area that varies from the surrounding climate area called? A subclimate or microclimate? | microclimate |
| An ecosystem that covers large regions of Earth that is characterized by plants and animals adapted to the area is called a what? Biome or Ecosystem | Biome |
| Which forest tree drops its leaves in the fall? Decidious or conifers | Decidious |
| Is kansa a teperate grassland or a savanna and why? | grassland because Kansas has seasons a savanna does not |
| Frozen subsoil is called what? tundra or perma frost | Perma frost |
| ecology | The study of organisms interaction with organisms and their environment. |
| biotic factors | Living factors |
| abiotic factors | non-living factors |
| population | Individual organisms living in the same area |
| Community | A group of organisms living in the same area |
| ecosystem | abotic factors and biotic factors in an area |
| biosphere | sum of all earth's ecosystems |
| habitats | specific environments where organisms live |
| tropics | region that lies between 23.5 N latitude and 23.5S latitude |
| polar zone | The area N of the artic circle and S of the Antarctic circle |
| temperate zones | latitudes between the tropics and polar zones |
| current | a river like flow |
| microclimate | small-scale differences in climate |
| biomes | major types of terrestrial ecosystems that cover large regions |
| tropical rain forest | A forest where temperatures are warm year round |
| savannas | grasslands with scattered trees |
| desert | areas with less then 30 cm of rain per year |
| chaparral | coastal biome dominated with evergreen shrubs |
| temperate grassland | nutrient-rich soil with a variety of grasses |
| temperate deciduous forests | dence stands of deciduous trees |
| coniferous forest | towering cone-bearing evergreen trees |
| tundra | an area with bitterly cold temperatures and high winds |
| permafrost | permanently frozen subsoil |
| photic zone | shallow water close to to shore,upper zone of water away from zone |
| phytoplankton | microscopic algae and cyanobacteria that photosynthesis |
| aphotic zone | deep,murky areas in a lake with low light levels |
| benthic zone | bottom of any aquatic ecosystem |
| pelagic zone | open water above the ocean floor |
| intertidal zone | shore between high tide and low tide lines |
| neritic zone | area of oceans low-tide line to edge of continental shelf |
| oceanic zone | continental shelf outward |
| zooplankton | microscopic animals |
| hydrothermal vents | spots on ocean floor where hot gases escape from earth |
| food chain | transfer of energy from one organism to another |
| food web | a number of food chains tied together |
| trophic level | feeding level in the food chain |
| producer | food chain starts with it; green plants; a trophic level |
| primary consumer | plant eater; 1st order consumer |
| secondary consumer | meat eater; 2nd order consumer |
| tertiary consumer | 3rd order consumer |
| decomposer | top of food chain; breaks down dead things, returns nutrients to earth (bacteria, fungi) |
| herbivore | plant eater; primary consumer |
| carnivore | meat eater; secondary consumer |
| omnivore | all - eats everything |
| gross primary productivity | all energy produced by plants; produced by photosynthesis |
| net primary productivity | leftover energy after plants take their energy (plant uses 10%; 90% for other consumers) |
| pyramid of energy | amount of energy decreases at every level |
| pyramid of numbers | up the food chain, fewer organisms |
| pyramid of biomass | weight; as you go up chain, weight is less |
| biological magnification | toxic substance - DDT - as you move up the food chain, more concentrated |
| population | group of organisms belonging to same species - found in same location |
| community | different populations living together - naturally occurring |
| ecosystem | a community in an environment |
| biosphere | living portion of the earth |
| uniform distribution | not too common; ex. rows |
| random distribution | not too common; no pattern, scattered |
| clump distribution | common; depends on food, light, water, etc. |
| exponential growth curve | not a straight line; slow, then fast |
| logistic growth curve | reaches carrying capacity; ex. predator, space limitations, pollution |
| exponential growth curve with sudden crash | rises, then drops straight down; ex. fire, flood, etc. |
| Zero Population Growth - ZPG | birth rate = death rate |
| density-dependent | population limits population; reaches carrying capacity; ex. only so much food, or disease |
| density-independent | growth is limited, but not by population; ex. fire, flood |
| K-strategists | 1. large in size 2. fewer offspring 3. extended care of offspring (ex. humans) |
| r-strategists | 1. smaller in size 2. many offspring 3. little or no care of offspring (ex. insects) |
| reproductive potential | how many offspring one can possibly have under the best conditions |
| carrying capacity | upper limits of population the environment can support |
| environmental resistance | conditions that don't allow populations to grow forever (ex. available food; size of an island) |
| niche | the functional role of an organism in its habitat |
| habitat | where an organism lives |
| biotic factor | living factor (ex. parasite) |
| abiotic factor | non-living factor (ex. forest fire) |
| population density estimation methods | 1. quadrant (uses grid system) 2. capture, mark and recapture |
