| A | B |
|---|
| What is the area that holds chromosomes together called? centriole or centromere? | centromere |
| What are the 3 phases of the cell cycle? (hint: I, M, C) | Interphase, Mitosis and Cytokinesis |
| What are the three stages of INTERPHASE? | G1, S, G2 |
| During which stage of INTERPHASE is DNA made, duplicated and/or synthesized? | S Phase |
| During which of the 3 phases of the CELL CYCLE is the cytoplasm seperated? | cytokinesis |
| The cell spends 80-90% of its time in which phase of the cell cycle? | interphase |
| During which stage of MITOSIS do the chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell? | metaphase |
| What is the main difference between plant cells and animal cells division? | plants form a cell wall in cytokiness and animals form a plasma membrane |
| What forms from centrioles and line the up chromosomes and helps pull the chromosomes apart? | spindle fibers |
| Genetically, female chromosomes are XX or XY? | XX |
| Meiosis occurs in sex cells or somatic cells? | sex cells |
| What are somatic cells? reproduction cells or body cells? | body cells |
| Sex cell division is called mitosis or meiosis? | meiosis |
| Somatic (body) cell reproduction is mitosis or meiosis? | mitosis |
| Sex cells divide by which type of cell division? meiosis or mitosis | meiosis |
| A human cell has ___ chromosomes? 46 or 23 | 46 |
| The human cells has ____ PAIRS of chromosomes? | 23 |
| On which pair of chromosomes is sex determined? | 23rd pair |
| At the end of MITOSIS, how many cells are there? 2 or 4 | two |
| At the end of MEIOSIS, how many cells are created? 2 or 4 | four |
| Which type of reproduction creates a GENETICALLY IDENTICAL copy of its parent cell? sexual or asexual reproduction? | asexual reproduction |
| Which type of reproduction creates an offspring that is GENETICALLY DIFFERENT from its two parents? asexual or sexual reproduction? | sexual reproduction |
| A chart that displays all of the chromosome pairs in an organism is called what? genetic chart or karyotype | karyotype |
| What are cancer causing genes called? carcinogens or chromosomes? | carcinogens |
| What is the UNCONDENSED DNA in the nucleus called? chromosomes or chromatin | chromatin |
| During which PHASE of MEiOSIS does "crossing over" occur? prophase I or prophase II | prophase I |
| There are THREE METHODS used to treat cancer, what is the treatment that uses drug therapy? surgery, chemotherapy or radiation? | chemotherapy |
| When an egg is fertilized by a sperm, the new creation is called what? a zygote or fetus? | zygote |
| A female egg and/ore male sperm are called zygotes or gametes? | gametes |
| What is the difference between a zygote and gamete? | gametes are sperm OR eggs, zygotes are fertized eggs |
| Does crossing over occur in MITOSIS or MEISOSIS? | meisosis (prophase I) |
| What is the result of MEIOSIS? 4 cells or 2 cells? | 4 genetically different cells (recombinations) |
| Cancer is a disease where cells are unable to control their rate of what? | division |
| When cancer spreads, the cells are said to do what? Metasize or Metastatisize | Metastatisize |
| A NON-CANCEROUS TUMOR is malignant or benign? | benign |
| What is it called when DNA is exchanged between HOMOLOGOUS (identical) CHROMOSOMES during meisosis? | "crossing over" |
| Where does meiosis occur? sperm, ovaries, or both sperm and ovary | both sperm and ovaries |
| The human cell has 46 chromosomes. How many chromosomes are in sperm cells? | 23 (1/2 or the total) |
| Why is there no "crossing over" in mitosis? | Because homologous chromosomes do not pair up in mitosis |
| What type of reproduction is when one cell produces a genentically identical cell to its parent? | asexual reproduction |
| Why is cellular reproduction essential to life? 3 reasons | growth, repair and replace |
| In what form is DNA in during interphases? | chromatin |
| What is fertilization? | the union of sperm and egg |
| A chromosome is two _______________ joined together by a centromere. | sister chromatids |
| During which STAGE OF MITOSIS (PMAT) does chromatin condense into chromosomes and the nuclear membrane breaks down? | prophase |
| During which STAGE OF MITOSIS (PMAT) do the chromosomes align in the center of the cell? | metaphase |
| What happens to the two centrioles during mitosis? | they move to opposite poles |
| What process does asexual reproduction use? mitosis or meiosis | mitosis |
| Which process does sexual reproduction use? mitosis or meiosis | meiosis |
| Which type of reproduction makes genetically identical offspring? | mitosis |
| Which type of reproduction make genetically recombined offspring? | meiosis |
| During which phase does DNA replication take place? | interphase |
| During which phase of MEIOSIS does crossing over occur? | prophase |
| Exact copies of the original organism are called what? | clones |
| A new individual cell created after fertilization is called what? | zygote |
| What is the diploid number for humans? n or 2n | 2n (which is 46 chromosomes OR 23 pairs of chromosomes) |
