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| The two scientists who took credit for the discovery of the double helix model of DNA are __________? | Watson and Crick |
| Which scientist discovered the transforming factor in heretity? | Avery |
| What is deoxribose nucleic acid? | DNA |
| In which part of the CELL CYCLE does DNA replicate itself? | Interphase/ "S" phase |
| During DNA replication, the bases AATCCG would be replicated as? | TTAGGC |
| What do we call the genetic material of inheritance? DNA or proteins | DNA |
| What is a monomer? | a single protein |
| What is a polymer? | a protein chain |
| What makes up the "backbone of DNA?' | Sugar (deoxyribose) and phosphate |
| What kind of bond holds the backbones of sugar and phosphate together? | covalent bonds |
| What kind of bond holds the nitrogen bases together? | hydrogen |
| Where does transcription take place? | the nucleus |
| Where does translation take place? | the ribosome |
| DNA nucleotides have base pairing, C pairs with ____ and A pairs with _______ | G and T |
| Which nitrogenous base is in DNA but not in RNA? | Thymine |
| Thymine is changed to what nitrogenous base in RNA? | Uracil |
| What kind of sugar is in the DNA backbone? | deoxyribose |
| What kind of sugar in in the RNA backbone? | ribose |
| What are amino acids? DNA or proteins? | proteins |
| A monomer of DNA is made of what 3 things? | dexoxyribose + phosphate + a nitrogen base |
| A gene codes for one what? | protein |
| DNA that is spread out in a nucleus before condensing is called what? chromatin or chromosomes? | chromatin |
| The three nitrogen bases of mRNA that is read together is called what? code or condon | codon |
| The process of making an EXACT COPY of DNA during interphase is called what? replication or translation? | replication |
| The process of making mRNA from DNA is called what? replication or transcription | transcription |
| Where does transcription occur? nucleus, ribosome or cytoplasm | nucleus |
| During transcription, the bases TTAGGA would be transcribed as what? | AAUCCU (note: uracil replaces thymine) |
| What is another name for protein synthesis? | translation |
| A section of DNA that codes for a specific protein is called what? a gene or a chromosome? | gene |
| The process by which a DNA template is used to produce a single strand RNA molecule is what? | transcription |
| Whe process by which a sequence of nucleic acid in RNA is used to direct the production of a chain of specific amino acis is what? | translation |
| A triplet of nitrogen bases that is complementary to a specific codon in mRNA is called what? | anticodon |
| Name the three differences between DNA and RNA. | DNA has deoxyribose (RNA has ribose sugar) DNA has thyamine (RNA replaces thyamine with uracil) DNA cannot pass through a nuclear membrane (RNA is a single strand which can pass through the nuclear membrane and into the cytoplasm and ribosome) |
| What molecule is made during transcription? mRNA or protein? | mRNA |
| What molecule is made during translation? mRNA or protein? | protein |
| Which is the correct sequence... translation, replication, transcription or replication, transcription and translation? | replication, transcription, translation |
| What is the difference between subsitution and insertion in nucleotides? | subsitution is a single change insertion is a change in the whole nucleotide |
| What is the name for 3 nucleotides on the tRNA molecule? | anticodon |
| A monomer of DNA is called what? a nucleotide or gene? | nucleotide |
| What kind of RNA goes from the nucleus to the ribosome? mRNA or tRNA | mRNA |
| What is the RNA in ribosomes called? tRNA or rRNA | rRNA |
| What is a stop codon? | a 3 letter code that does not create an amino acid |
| What is the purpose of a stop codon? | the amino acid (protein) change would be endless |
| There are 64 possible codons. How many of them are stop codons? | only 3 |
