| A | B |
|---|
| The biological changes that have transformed LIFE over time is descent with modification? or evolution? | evolution |
| What are inherited characteristics that improve an organism's ability to survive? adaptions or modifications? | adaptions |
| What is biological fitness? The ability to _____________? | reproduce |
| The collection of life's remains in the rock layers over time? | fossil records |
| What is a fossil? | evidence of past lives |
| Similiar sturctures of different organisms with similiar functions are what? homologous or vestigial structures | homologous (example: cat leg and human leg have similar skeletons and both are used for movement) |
| A once useful physical feature of an organism that serves NO current fuction is homologous? or vestigial? | vestigial (example: hip bones in whales; appendix in humans) |
| How did Charles Lyell's theory influence Darwin? | Lyell said the same geologic processes at work today occurred millions of years ago to create our physical earth. Darwin applied the same thinking to living organisms over time and said that they changed. |
| What do adaptations do? | improve an organism's ability to survive and reproduce in its environment |
| What is natural selection? | the process by which individuals with inherited characteristics well-suited to the environment leave more offspring than do other individuals |
| How old are the oldest estimated fossils? | 3.8 billion years old |
| What type of life is believed first on Earth? eukaryotes or prokaryotes | prokaryotes (organisms with no nucleus) |
| What is taxonomy? | The identification, naming and classification of species |
| What is binomial nomaclature? | two-part Latin name of a species ( Genus and Species) Man's genus and species is Homo sapiens |
| What is extinct? | No longer existing as a living species on Earth |
| What is a gene pool? | all of the alleles iof all the individuals that make up a population |
| What is macroevolution? | The study of evolution using fossil records |
| What is microevolution? | evolution on a small scale. A generation to generation change in the frequencies of alleles. (example: studying DNA) |
| What is genetic drift? | A change in a gene pool due to CHANCE |
| What is gene flow? | the exchange of genes between populations |
| What is fitness? | contributions to a gene pool of the next generation by reproduction |
| What in embryology? | the study of multicellualr organisms as they develop from fertilized eggs to fully formed organisms |
| What is geographic isolation? | The separation of populations as a result of geographic change or migration to geographically isolated places |
| What is reproductive isolation? | condition in which a reproductive barrier keeps two species from interbreeding |
| What is speciation? | formation of a new species |
| The identification, naming and classification of species is what? | taxonomy |
| No longer existing as a living species on Earth is to be what? | extinct |
| The exchange of genes between populations is gene flow or genetic drift? | gene flow |
| What are the FOUR evidences for the Theory of Evolution? | fossil records, embryonic development, biochemistry, homologous structures |
| Which structure, homologous or vestigal, indicates that two species are more closely related or a common ancestor? | homologous structures |
| In evidence of the Theory of Evolution, which compares similarities in embryos of differnet species? | embryonic development |
| What is a population? | All the individuals of ONE SPECIES in ONE SPECIFIC AREA |
| What are variations? | the genetic traits of a population |
| What is a cladogram? | a diagram that show the evolution of various species from a common ancestor |
| The deeper the fossil is in the rock layers the ________ older/ or younger? the fossil is | older |
| The collection of fossils by their position in rock layers is called what? | fossil records |
| Which scientist stated that events such as disease, famine, and homelelssness were gaused by growth of the human population? | Malthus |
| What was the name of the scientist who came up with ideas and evolution at the same time that Charles Darwin did? | Wallace |
| What type of rock are fossils found in? | sedimentary rock |
| What is the difference between convergent and divergent evolution? | convergent is where UNRELATED organisms become MORE similiar and divergent is when LIKE organisms become LESS similar |
| The internal and external structure and appearance of an organism is it ____________? | morphology |
| What scientist believed that adaptation was evolution? | Lamarck |
| When species don't change for a long time then something happens to cause it to evolve is the definition of what? | punctuated equilibrium |
| What are the three major domains? | Bacteria; Archaea; Eukarya |
| Man is in which domain? | Eukarya |
| When a population's genes are lost because of a NATURAL DISASTER (like fire, flood, etc) is called what effect? | Bottleneck effect |
| When a population genes only comes from a few parents and variations are limited is the ____________ effect? | Founder's effect |
