| A | B |
|---|
| Proteins used for chromosome replication | DNA Helicase and DNA Polymerase |
| Breaks the hydrogen bonds between the nucleotides | DNA Helocase |
| Adds nucleotides to the new DNA strand | DNA Polymerase |
| Somatic cell | body cell |
| gamete | sex cell |
| eggs and sperm | gametes |
| 2n for humans | 46 chromosomes, diploid cell |
| n for humans | 23 chromosomes, haploid gamete cell |
| Autosomal chromosomes | 1-22, not sex chromosomes |
| Sex chromosomes | #23, X or Y |
| xx | girl |
| xy | boy |
| who determins the sex of the child? | boy |
| Karyotype | picture of your DNA |
| Down Syndrom | Extra chromosome 21, mental retardation, strechy ligaments |
| G1, S, G2, Mitosis, & Cytokinesis | 5 stages of the cell cycle |
| G1 | Growth and metaboism |
| S | Replicate DNA with DNA helicase and polymerase |
| G2 | Growth and preparation for division |
| Mitosis | Nucleus divides |
| Cytokinesis | Cytoplasm divides |
| Uncontrolled celldivision or cell death | Cancer |
| Stages of Mitosis | PMAT: Prophase, metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase |
| When does mitosis occure? | After G2 |
| Prophase | Nucleous disaperase, spindle fibers form, chromatin condenses (DNA) |
| Metaphase | Chromosomes are pulled by spindle fibers to the center of the cell (medially) |
| Anaphase | Chromatids are separated by spindle fibers and pulled to opposite ends of the cell. |
| Telophase | Nucleus reforms, Chromosomes unwind into chromatin. |
| Cytokinesis in Animals | Cell Furrow |
| Cytokinesis in Plants | Cell Plate (contains a new cell wall) |
| Uncontrolled cell death or growth | Cancer |
| Apoptosis | Programed cell death |
| Metastasis | Spread of cancer cells |
| Oncogenes | Stop cells from undergoing mitosis |
