| A | B |
|---|
| Albrecht Durer | Artist associated with the Northern Renaissance |
| Erasmus | In Praise of Folly |
| Christian Humanism | Philosophical development of the Northern Renaissance; Emphasis on the study of religious texts |
| John Wyclif | People known as “Lollards” begin to follow his word |
| Indulgences | sold by Catholic Church; major element of the Reformation |
| Martin Luther | German priest who openly criticized the Catholic Church; believed faith was the key to salvation |
| 95 Theses | famous work written by Martin Luther |
| Edict of Worms | summarizes the charges against Luther, who was banned from preaching and declared him a heretic |
| German Peasants’ Revolt | 1524-1525; Peasants in Southern German territories rose up against their lords; demanded new rights such as the ability to hunt freely and use public lands for pastures |
| Protestants | Denominations of the Christian faith. People became upset with the Catholic Church and break off to create their own churches. Examples: Lutheranism, Calvinism, Puritanism |
| Charles V | Member of Hapsburg Family; Holy Roman Emperor, ruler of Austria, Spain, and territories in France, Italy, |
| Schmalkaldic League | Formed in 1531; Princes in Germany who had left the Catholic Church joined together to create a defensive alliance |
| Peace of Augsburg | Signed in 1555 following a military conflict between Charles V and the German Princes. The Protestant princes fought back against Charles as he tried to force them to convert to Catholicism. The settlement said that the religion of a state would be a direct reflection of the religion of the ruler |
| Zwingli | reformer from Zurich, Switzerland |
| Anabaptists | Began baptizing adults rather than the baptism of infants, which was the standard practice of the Catholic Church |
| John Calvin | believed that obedience to God’s will was the key to salvation. Supported predestination. Advocated what will be known as the “Protestant Work Ethic” |
| Predestination | belief that a person's salvation has already been predetermined |
| Henry VIII | King of England from 1509-1547. Originally a defender of the Catholic Church, but eventually has conflict with the pope |
| Catholic Reformation | Also known as Counter-Reformation. The Catholic Church’s reaction to the Protestant Reformation |
| Ignatius Loyola | became one of the leading figures of the Catholic Reformation. Created a new religious order, the Society of Jesus (also known as the Jesuits) |
| Council of Trent | held to reaffirm the authority of the Catholic Church |
| Baroque | An artistic, architectural, and decorative style that first developed in the early 1600’s. Most common in areas of strong Catholic influence, but was also popular in Protestant England. |
| Gianlorenzo Bernini | 1598-1680, Venetian Sculptor influential in the development of the Baroque period |
| Printing Press | Technology first developed in China, but improved by Johannes Gutenberg |
