| A | B |
|---|
| saga | prose narrative or heroic poem about legendary figures & events from Norway and Iceland |
| line of demarcation | line of longitude in Atlantic divides lands claimed by Spain and Portugal |
| isthmus | narrow piece of land connecting two larger land areas |
| strait | narrow passageway connecting two larger bodies of water |
| Cabral | Portugal accidentally discovers Brazil on way to India |
| Vespucci | sails coast of S. America concludes it is a vast new continent |
| Balboa | Spain leads expedition first European to see Pacific Ocean |
| Magellan | Spain leads expedition to first circle globe, dies in Philippines |
| conquistador | Spanish adventurer in 16th century Americas |
| Cortes | Spanish conquistador conquers Aztec city of Tenochtitlan |
| Moctezuma | Aztec emporer |
| Pizarro | Spanish conquistador conquers Incan Empire |
| Atahualpa | last emporer of Incans |
| de Leon | Spanish governor Puerto Rico searches for "Fountain of Youth", claims Florida, builds St. Augustine |
| peninsulare | native Spanish gov't/church officials rule colonial America |
| creole | American colonial born of Spanish parents |
| mestizo | colonial of mixed Spanish/Native parents |
| mulatto | colonial of mixed Spanish/African/Native parents |
| encomienda | system of rewarding conquistadors with land includes right to tax, & demand labor from Natives |
| viceroy | rules Spanish province as representative of monarch |
| Junipero Serra | Spanish priest begins chain of missions in California |
| Las Casas | Spanish priest calls for protection of Natives |
| presidio | forts built to protect Spanish missions |
| northwest passage | water route to Asia through North America sought by Europeans |
| Drake | English pirate, 2nd to circumnavigate globe |
| Spanish Armada | large fleet sent by Philip II to England in retaliation for piracy, fails |
| mercantilism | theory that state's power depends upon its wealth |
| Cartier | French, first to sail up St. Lawrence River |
| Verrazano | French, searches for NW Passage on Atlantic Coast |
| Champlain | French, founds Quebec makes enemies of Iroquois |
| Marquette & Joliet | French, search Miss. River as far south as Arkansas River |
| LaSalle | French, follow Miss. River to delta claim Louisiana |
| coureurs de bois | "runners of the woods" French trappers |
| Hudson | sails for Dutch East India Co. reaches N.Y. Harbor, sails up River to Albany |
| Vinland | unsuccessful Norse settlement in Newfoundland |
