| A | B |
|---|
| gymnosperms | plants that bear their seeds in cones (the name literally means "naked seed") |
| angiosperms | plants that begin their seeds in flowers (some part of the flower becomes a container for the seeds) ; the name literally means "covered or contained seeds" |
| pollen | grannules containing the sperm of seed plants such as gymnosperms and angiosperms |
| ovules | structures containing the egg cells in a female pine cone or the ovary of a flowering plant |
| conifers | common group of gymnosperms that includes all pines, spruces, firs, cedars and hemlocks |
| cycads | sub-tropical group of gynmosperms that includes cone-bearing trees that look like small palms or ferns |
| gingkoes | smallest group of gymnosperms that include the "maidenhair tree" with fan-shaped leaves and stinky female cones that look more like berries |
| stamen | the entire structure of the male reproductive part of a flower (includes both the anther and the filament) |
| anther | top part of a stamen where the pollen is produced |
| filament | stalk on a stamen that keeps the anther high enough |
| pistil | the entire structure of the female portion of a flower |
| stigma | sticky top of the pistil in a flower where the pollen is received from the male parts |
| style | narrow neck of the pistil in a flower |
| ovary | portion of a pistil that contains the ovules (when the ovules become fertilized by the pollen and become seeds, this part often swells and becomes a fleshy, edible fruit) |
| sepal | one of several small leaves at the base of a flower that originially protected the bud before it opened |
| petal | the often colorful and attractive flower part that encourages cross-pollination by bees or butterflies |
| pollination | transfer of pollen to the female parts of a flower (or from a male gymnosperm cone to a female cone) |
| fertilization | the union of a male sperm with a female ovum in any seed plant |
| germination | when a seed in the ground begins to grow |
| monocot | an angiosperm plant whose seeds have only one food supply or "cotyledon" |
| dicot | an angiosperm plant whose seeds have two cotyledons (food supply) |
| parallel | type of vein pattern in the leaves of monocot angiosperms |
| multiples of 3 | number of petals, sepals or stamens in the flowers of monocots |
| branched (or netted) | type of vein pattern in the leaves of dicot angiosperms |
| multiples of 4 or 5 | number of petals, sepals, or stamens in the flowers of dicots |
