| A | B |
|---|
| Allele | an alternate form that a gene may have for a single trait; can be dominant or recessive |
| Dominant | describes a trait that covers over, or dominants, another form of that trait |
| Genetic engineering | biological and chemical methods to change the arrangement of a gene’s DNA to improve crop production, produce large volumes of medicine, and change how cells perform their normal functions |
| Genetics | the study of how traits are inherited through the actions of alleles |
| Genotype | the genetic makeup of an organism |
| Heredity | the passing of traits from parent to offspring |
| Heterozygous | describes an organism with two different alleles for a trait |
| Homozygous | describes an organism with two alleles that are the same for a trait |
| Hybrid | an offspring that was given different genetic information for a trait from each parent |
| Incomplete dominance | production of a phenotype that is intermediate between the two homozygous parents |
| Phenotype | outward physical appearance and behavior of an organism as a result of its genotype |
| Polygenic inheritance | occurs when a group of gene pairs acts together and produces a specific trait, such as human eye color, skin color, or height |
| Recessive | describes a trait that is covered over, or dominated, by another form of that trait and seems to disappear |
| Sex-linked gene | an allele inherited on a sex chromosome and that can cause human genetic disorders such as color blindness and hemophilia |
