| A | B |
|---|
| Exploration | Investigating in search of a goal, such as wealth, information, or colonization. |
| Lodestones | Naturally occurring magnetic minerals used to magnetize needles that would then be floated in water and point in a generally northern direction. |
| Astrolabe | A navigational tool that was invented by Arab scientists and was used at sea. The astrolabe was used to determine latitude. |
| Backstaff | A navigational tool that was used to determine latitude. It was an improvement on the astrolabe because the navigator could use it with him back to the sun. |
| Quadrant | A navigational tool that was used to determine latitude and was widely used in the 15th century. It was less accurate than the astrolabe. |
| Chronometer | A navigational tool that was used to keep accurate time at sea. |
| Henry Hudson | Exploring present day New York |
| Ferdinand Magellan | Attempted to sail around the world but never made it home alive. |
| Hernando de Soto | Lead the first European expedition across the Southeast United States |
