| A | B |
|---|
| Edict of Nantes | Religious decree that Huguenot Protestants would be allowed some degree of toleration in France. |
| Louis XIV | French King who grew interested in established a North American French Empire. |
| Samuel de Champlain | French explorer known as the "Father of New France." |
| Quebec | Established in 1608 by France. Overlooked the St. Lawrence River |
| Huron Indians | Native American tribe befriended by Samuel de Champlain, who helped them fight against their enemy, the Iroquois. |
| Beaver | Valuable resource found in North America and exploited by the French. |
| coureurs de bois | French fur trappers who expanded French exploration from Quebec down into the Ohio River Valley, followed the Mississippi to the Gulf of Mexico, and even went into modern day Wyoming. |
| Jesuit Priests | Vigorously tried to convert the Native Americans. |
| Antoine Cadillac | Founded Detroit in an effort to keep English settlers out of the Ohio Valley region. |
| Robert de LaSalle | Founded Louisiana in 1682 in an attempt to stop Spain from expanding into the Gulf of Mexico. |
| Illinois country | Became the fertile ground that feed the French. |
| King William’s War and Queen Anne’s War | King William’s War a The English colonists fought the French coureurs de bois and their Indian allies. |
| Utrecht in 1713 | Peace treaty that gave Acadia (renamed Nova Scotia), Newfoundland, and Hudson Bay to England, pinching the French settlements by the St. Lawrence. It also gave Britain limited trading rights with Spanish America. |
| War of Jenkins’s Ear | An English Captain named Jenkins had his ear cut off by a Spanish commander. This war was confined to the Caribbean Sea and Georgia. This war soon merged with the War of Austrian Succession and came to be called King George’s War in America. |
| King George's War | France allied itself with Spain, but England’s troops captured the reputed impregnable fortress of Cape Breton Island (Fort Louisbourg). However, peace terms of this war gave strategically located Louisbourg, which the New Englanders had captured, back to France, outraging the colonists, who feared the fort. |
| Ohio Valley | This area became a battleground among the Spanish, British, and French. It was lush, fertile, and very good land. |
| George Washington | 21 year old sent with 150 men to patrol the Ohio Valley. Washington encountered a group of French men. Firing commenced and the French leader was killed. |
| Fort Necessity | Washington’s hastily constructed fort, where he fought “Indian style” (hiding and guerilla fighting) against the returning French reinforcements. After a 10-hour siege, Washington surrendered. He was permitted to march his men away with the full honors of war. |
| rench and Indian War (AKA Seven Years’ War) | The fourth of the wars between empires started in America, unlike the first three. This war began with Washington’s battle with the French. It was England and Prussia vs. France, Spain, Austria, and Russia. |
| Albany Congress | In 1754, 7 of the 13 colonies met for an inter-colonial congress held in Albany, New York. Franklin helped unite the colonists in Albany, but the Albany plan failed because the states were reluctant to give up their sovereignty or power. Still, it was a first step toward unity. |
| Join or Die | Famous political cartoon published by Benjamin Franklin that illustrated that without unity, the colonies would be in danger of French takeover. |
| Gen. Edward Braddock | The first British general to led the fight against the French in North America. He was meet with numerous defeats. |
| William Pitt | "The Great Commoner" took over from Braddock. Changed the focus from the West Indies to Quebec and replaced older, cautious leaders with bolder, young officers. |
| 1758 | Louisbourg fort fell . |
| 1759 Battle of Quebec | Montreal fell in 1760, that was the last time French flags would fly on American soil. |
| James Wolfe | ommanded an army that boldly scaled the cliff walls of a part protecting Quebec, met French troops near the Plains of Abraham, and in a battle in which he and French commander Marquis de Montcalm both died, the French were defeated and the city of Quebec surrendered. |
| Peace Treaty at Paris in 1763 | France was totally kicked out of North America. British got Canada and the land all the way to the Mississippi River. France gave Louisiana to Spain to compensate for Spain’s losses in the war. |
| Chief Pontiac | led a few French-allied tribes in a brief but bloody campaign through the Ohio Valley that were short lived. |
| Proclamation of 1763 | Parliament issued a decree that prohibited any colonial settlement in the area beyond the Appalachians |
| Acadians | The first French to leave Canada. The British who had won that area had demanded that all residents either swear allegiance to Britain or leave. In 1755, they were forcefully expelled from the region. |
