| A | B |
|---|
| kidney | organs that filter the blood to remove waste products (toxins) that get excreted in the urine |
| renal pelvis | center cavity of the kidney |
| ureter | tube that carries urine from the renal pelvis to the bladder |
| urinary bladder | stores urine |
| urethra | tube that carries urine from the bladder to outside the body |
| urinary meatus | the opening of the distal end of the urethra |
| cystitis | inflammation of bladder(usually secondary to a bacterial infection) |
| hydronephrosis | distended or bloated kidney secondary to obstruction of flow through the ureter |
| pyelonephritis | inflammation of the entire kidney(usually secondary to a bacterial infection) |
| nephroblastoma | malignant tumor of the kidney(Wilms' tumor) |
| nephrolithiasis | kidney stones |
| hypospadias | urethral meatus of the male is located on the underside of the penis |
| polycystic kidney disease | kidneys are large, composed of dysfunctional cysts |
| renal calculus | kidney stone |
| urinary retention | accumulation of urine in the bladder secondary to inability to urinate |
| urinary tract infection(UTI) | infection, usually bacterial, in any one or more organs of the urinary tract |
| cystostomy | surgical opening in the bladder(usually permanent) |
| shock wave lithotripsy(SWL) | procedure that crushes a kidney stone into small pieces so the stone particles can pass out of the body with the urine |
| nephrectomy | excision (surgical removal)of a kidney |
| cystogram | Xray image of the bladder |
| cystography | procedure of Xraying the bladder |
| intravenous urogram/pyeloogram (IVU/IVP) | Xray of the urinary tract after dye is injected into the blood intravenously (AKA intravenous pyelogram(IVP |
| nephrosonography | procedure of imaging the kidney with ultra sound |
| voiding cystourethrogram(VCUG) | X ray image of the bladder and the urethra during urination |
| cystoscope | instrument used to visualize the the bladder |
| cystoscopy | visual examination of the bladder |
| kidney ureter bladder (KUB) | X ray image of the kidneys, ureters, and bladder |
| blood urea nitrogen(BUN) and creatinine | blood tests that measure the level of toxins that are left in the blood(screening for kidney function) |
| urinalysis(UA) | a urine test that shows 10 different qualities about the urine |
| albuminuria | albumin(protein) in the urine |
| dysuria | difficult or painful urination |
| glycosuria | sugar in the urine |
| hematuria | blood in the urine |
| nephrologist | physician who treats kidney disorders |
| nephrology | study of kidneys |
| nocturia | need to wake up at night in order to urinate |
| oliguria | a little amount of urine production |
| polyuria | excessive amount of urine production |
| pyuria | pus (WBC's)in the urine |
| urologist | physician who studies urinary tract disorders |
| urology | study of the urinary tract |
| dialysis | procedure that removes toxins from the blood if the kidneys are not functioning |
| urinary incontinence | inability to hold urine |
| micturate | to urinate, or void |
| urinary catheterization (cath) | passage of catheter(flexible rubber tube) into the bladder to withdraw urine |
| testis, testicle | organ that produces sperm |
| epididymis | tubule attached to testicles where sperm is stored and matured |
| vas deferens | tube(duct) that caries the sperm from the epididymis to the urethra |
| prostate gland | gland that adds fluid to the sperm |
| scrotum | skin that holds the testicles |
| glans | end of the penis |
| prepuce | foreskin of the penis |
| genitalia | reproductive organs |
| balanitis | inflammation of the glans |
| benign prostatic hyperplasia(BPH) | enlarged prostate (non cancerous) |
| cryptorchidism | undescended testicles |
| epididymitis | inflammation of the epididymis |
| prostatitis | inflammation of the prostate |
| erectile dysfunction(ED) | impotence |
| hydrocele | collection of fluid in the scrotum |
| phimosis | tightness of the prepuce |
| orchiectomy | castration |
| prostatectomy | surgical removal of the prostate |
| vasectomy | surgical removal of part of the vas deferens |
| circumcision | surgical removalof the prepuce |
| trans urethral resection of the prostate(TURP) | procedure that removes excessive prostate tissue using an instrument that passes through the urethra in order to reach the prostate |
| prostate specific antigen(PSA) | a blood test that screens for proteins in the blood that indicates prostate cancer |
| digital rectal exam(DRE) | Procedure used by physician to palpate the prostate gland (screening for BPH, or prostate cancer) |
| oligospermia | low sperm count in the semen |
| acquired immunodeficiency syndrome(AIDS) | disease caused by HIV results from a weakened immune system |
| chlamydia and trichomoniasis | STD's that may be asymptomatic or cause urethritis |
| genital herpes | STD caused by herpes virus type 2 |
| gonorrhea | STD caused by bacteria |
| human immunodeficiency virus(HIV) | a retrovirus transmitted thru body fluids that kills the WBC's known as "T helper" cells |
| human papilloma virus(HPV) | the virus that causes the STD called genital warts, or venereal warts |
| syphilis | STD caused by a spirochete |
| urethritis | inflammation of the urethra(a condition in males usually caused by a bacterial STD) |
| anuria | no urine production |
| testicular torsion | twist of sperm cord and pinching off the blood flow to testicl(medical emergency) |
| gonads | male or female sex glands(testicles or ovaries) |
