| A | B |
|---|
| carrying capacity | Maximum number of people that can be supported by the environment |
| demographic equation | Formula that calculates population change. |
| Demographic Transition Model | Explains the process of change in a society's population from a condition of high CBR & CDR with a low NIR to a condition of low CBR & CDR, low NIR. |
| Dependency ratio | Number of people under 15 & over 64 compared to the number of people active in the labor force. |
| Doubling time | Number of years needed to double the population |
| Ecumene | Portion of the Earth's surface occupied by permanent human settlement. |
| Infant mortality rate | Total number of deaths a year among infants under 1 per 1000 live births |
| J-curve | Projection of population shows exponential growth |
| Thomas Malthus | Believed population grows at exponental rate while food production increases arithmetically - leading to the idea the population growth will outpace food production. |
| Mortality | Relative frequency of how long life is in a given area - life expectancy |
| Natality | Ratio of live births to the population of that area - expressed as number of births in a year to 1000 people alive in society. |
| Overpopulation | Number of people in an area exceeds capacity of the environment to support life at a decent standard of living. |
| Population projection | Predicts the future population of an area or the world. |
| Population pyramid | Model used to show the age & sex distribution of a particular population. |
| Natural increase rate | Percentage of growth of a population in a year |
| S-Curve | Projection of the population shows cyclical movement upwards & downwards |
| Sex ratio | number of males per 100 females |
| Sustainability | Ability to meet today's needs without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. |
| Underpopulation | Sharp drop or decrease in a region's population. |
| Zero population growth | Decline in the TFR to the point where the NIR equals zero. |
| Chain migration | Individuals follow the migratory path of preceding friends & family members to an existing community |
| Cyclic movement | Movement that has a closed route & is repeated annually or seasonally |
| Forced migration | Individuals are forced to leave a country against their will |
| Internal migration | Permanent or semi-permanent movement of individuals within a particular country. |
| Intervening opportunity | Presence of a nearer opportunity that greatly diminishes the attractiveness of sites farther away. |
| Intercontinental migration pattern | Migration flow involving movement across international borders |
| Interregional migration pattern | Permanent movement from one region of a country to another. |
| Rural-urban migration pattern | Permanent movement from suburb & rural areas to the urban area. |
| Periodic movement | Movement that involves temporary, recurrent relocation. |
| Place utility | Measure of an individual's satisfaction with a given residential location |
| Push factors | Incentives for potential migrants to leave a place |
| Pull factors | Attractions that draw migrants to a certain place |
| Ravenstein | Created a set of laws that explain why migrants move, the distance they typically move, & their characteristics. |
| Refugee | People who leave their home because they are forced out |
| Transhumance | Seasonal periodic movement of pastoralists & their livestock between highland & lowland |
| Transmigration | Removal of people from one place & their relocation to somewhere else within a country |
| Voluntary migration | Movement of an individual who consciously & voluntarily decides to locate to a new area. |
