| A | B |
|---|
| Adenine | a purine base; a component of nucleotides |
| Bacteriophage | virus that infects bacteria |
| Base-pairing rules | Chargaff’s rules that state the amount of adenine equals the amount of thymine and the amount of guanine equals the amount of cytosine |
| Complementary | characteristic of nucleic acids in which the sequence of bases on one strand determines the sequence of bases on the other |
| Cytosine | nitrogenous base of the pyrimidine class; component of RNA and DNA |
| Deoxribose | five-carbon sugar that is a component of DNA nucleotides |
| DNA polymerase | enzyme that catalyzes the replication of DNA |
| Double helix | spiral staircase structure characteristic of DNA molecule |
| Exon | sequence of nucleotides that gets translated and transcribed |
| Helicase | enzyme that unwinds a DNA molecule’s double helix before replication |
| Intron | segment of mRNA transcribed from eukarytoic DNA but removed before translation of mRNA into a protein |
| Guanine | nitrogen base of the purine class; component of DNA and RNA nucleotides |
| Multigene family | group of genes that has evolved from a single ancestral gene is characterized by the existence of multiple copies |
| Nucleotide | subunit of nucleic acids consisting of a nitrogenous base, a sugar, and a phosphate group |
| Purine | class of organic, nitrogenous molecules in nucleic acids that have a double ring of carbon and nitrogen |
| Pyrimidine | class of organic, nitrogenous molecules in nucleic acids that have a single ring of carbon and nitrogen |
| Replication | process of synthesizing a new strand of DNA |
| Replication fork | point at which the double helix of DNA separates so that it can be copied |
| Thymine | nitrogenous base of the pyrimidine class; component of DNA |
| Transformation | the transfer of genetic material from one organisms to another; first observed by Griffith |
| Transposon | gene that has the ability to move from one chromosomal location to another |
| Vaccine | substance prepared from killed or weakened pathogens and introduced into a body to produce immunity |
| Virulent | referring to the deadliness of a disease-causing agent |
