| A | B |
|---|
| Nutrition | science that studies interactions b/t living organisms and food |
| Nutrients | chemical substances in food the provieds NRG, sturcture, and regulation of body processes |
| Essential Nutrients | nutrients that must be in diet b/c body cannot make them or can't make sufficient quantitites |
| Phytochemical | substance found in plant foods that is not essential nutrient but may be health-promoting |
| Macronutrients | N. needed by body in large amounts. EX: water, NRG-yeilding carbs, lipids, and protiens |
| Micronutrients | N. needed by body in small amounts. EX: vitamins and minerals |
| Kilocalorie | unit of heat that expresses amount of NRG provided by foods |
| Metabolism | sum of all chemical reactions that take place in living organisms |
| Homeostasis | physiological state in which stable internal body enviroment maintained |
| Malnutrition | any condition resulting from NRG or nutrient intake either above or below the optimal |
| Undernutrition | any condition resultinf from NRG or N. intake below what which meets nutritional needs |
| Overnutrition | Poor nutrition status resulting from dietary intake in excess of optimal |
| Toxic | capacity to produce injury at some level of intake |
| Risk factor | characteristic or circumstance that is associated w/occurrence of particular disease |
| Scientific method | general approach of science that is used to explain observations about the world around us |
| Hypothesis | educated guess made to explain observation or to answer a question |
| Theory | explanation based on scientific study and reasoning |
| Anecdotal | info based on a story of personal experience |
| experimental controls | factors in experiment designed to limit number of variables, allowing investigatior to examine effect of only the parameters of interest |
| variable | factor or condition that is changed in an experimental setting |
| control groups | groups participants in experiment that are identical to experimental group except that no experimental treatment is used. They base comparision |
| experimental group | groups of participants in experiment who are subjected to an experimental treatment |
| placebo | fake medicine or supplement that is indistinguishable in appearance from real things. Used to disguise contro and experimental groups in experiment |
| single-blind study | experiment in which either the study or participants or researchers are unaware of who is in control or experimental group |
| double-blind study | experiment in which neither the study participants or researchers know who is in control or experimental group |
| peer review | review of design and validity of research exp. by expersts in the field of study who did not participate in research |
| epidemiology | study of interrealationships b/t health and disease and other factors in envionment or lifestyle of different populations |
| cross-sectional data | info obtained by single broad sampling of many different individuals in a population |
| longitudinal data | info obtained by repeatedly sampling the same individuals in pop. over time |
| correlation | two or more factors occurring together |
| intervention study | study of peopluation in which there is an experimental manipulation of some members of the pop.; observations and measurements are made to determine the effects of this manipulation |
| depletionp-repletion study | study that feeds diet devoid of nutrient until signs of deficiency appear, and then adds the nutrient back to diet to level at which symptoms disappear |
| balance study | study that compares the total amount of n. that enters the body w/total amount that leaves the body |
| molecular biology | study of cellular function at the molecualr level |
| DNA | genetic material that codes for synthesis of protiens |
| Gene | length of DNA that provides instructions for heritable traits |
