| A | B |
|---|
| Joseph Priestley | started modern chemistry |
| Lavvoisier | also started modern chemistry with Priestley |
| natural laws | laws that governed human nature based on reason |
| Hobbes | believed people were brutish and needed a social contract that allowed for an orderly society -strict government (monarchy) |
| Locke | believed people were reasonable and moral-had natural rights- life, liberty and property |
| Montequieu | wrote-The Spirit of the Laws-admired 3 separtate branches of Britain's limited monarchy |
| philosophes | lovers of wisdom-scientific methods could improve society |
| Voltaire | hated slavery, corrupt officials, lazy aristocrats-offended the Catholic church and French government |
| Diderot | wrote an encyclopedia |
| Rousseau | wrote The Social Contract-minimal government controls-people were good in their natural state |
| Wollstonecraft-female | wrote A Vindication of the Rights of Women-Britain |
| Macauley-female | women's rights Britain |
| Germain de Stael-female | women's rights France |
| physiocrats | looked for natural laws to guide economic reforms |
| laissez-faire | business were to have little or no interference from governments |
| Adam Smith | wrote The Wealth of Nations-the free market should regulate business activity |
| censorship | when governments or churches restrict access to new ideas and information |
| salons | began by women-meetings in homes for idea exchanges-poetry readings |
| enlightened despots | kings and queens that used their powers to allow political and social change- encouraged new ideas |
| Frederick the Great | worked for the common good of his people-subjects worked hard but had religious freedom |
| Catherine the Great | gave up no power but was critical of serfdom-made limited reforms |
| Joseph II | peasant emperor-traveled in diguise amonst his sbjects to learn about their lives-abolished serfdom and censorship. Religiously tolerant. |
| baroque | grand, complicated and colorful architecture and art |
| rococo | art that was light, delicate and elegant |
| the novel | stories written about middle class people Ex. Robinson Crusoe |
| serfdom (slavery) | was still firmly rooted even though there was much enlightment happening |
