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| Facilitated Diffusion | A process in which substances are transported across a plasma membrane with the concentration gradient with the aid of carrier (transport) proteins. |
| Food Chain | A simplified path illustrating the passing of potential chemical energy (food) from one organism to another organism. |
| Food Web | A complex arrangement of interrelated food chains illustrating the flow of energy between interdependent organisms. |
| Forensics | The science of tests and techniques used during the investigation of crimes. |
| Fossils | The preserved remains or traces of organisms that once lived on Earth. |
| Founder Effect | A decrease in genetic variation caused by the formation of a new population by a small number of individuals from a larger population. |
| Frame-shift Mutation | The addition or removal of one or more nucleotides that is not indivisible by three, therefore resulting in a completely different amino acid sequence than would be normal. |
| Freezing Point | The temperature at which a liquid changes state to a solid. |
| Gamete | A specialized cell (egg or sperm) used in sexual reproduction containing half the normal number of chromosomes of a somatic cell. |
| Gene | A sequence of nucleotides composing a segment of DNA that provides a blueprint for a specific hereditary trait. |
| Gene Expression | The process in which a nucleotide sequence of a gene is used to make a functional product such as protein or RNA. |
| Gene Recombination | A natural process in which a nucleic acid molecule (usually DNA but can be RNA) is broken and then joined to a different molecule; a result of crossing-over. |
| Gene Splicing | A type of gene recombination in which DNA is intentionally broken and recombined using laboratory techniques. |
| Gene Therapy | The intentional insertion, alteration, or deletion of genes within an individual's cells and tissues for the purpose of treating a disease. |
| Genetic Drift | A change in the allele frequency of a population as a result of chance events rather than natural selection. |
| Genetic Engineering | A technology that includes the process of manipulating or altering the genetic material of a cell resulting in desirable functions or outcomes that would not occur naturally. |
| Genetically Modified Organism | An organism whose genetic material has been altered through some genetic engineering technology or technique. |
