| A | B |
|---|
| Descriptive Research | a type of quantitative research that involves making careful decisons of educational phenomena. |
| relationship research | involves both describing phenomena and exploring the possible causal relationships between different phenomena |
| Descriptive studies are concerned with . . . | determining “what is” |
| derived score | a transformation of a raw score to reveal the individual’s performance relative to a norming group |
| Longitudinal study | a type of investigation that involves describing changes in a sample’s characteristics over a specified period of time. |
| Trend studies | describe change by selecting a different sample at teach data-collection point from a population that does not remain constant |
| Cohort Studies | describe change by selecting a different sample at each data-collection point from a population that remains constant |
| panel studies | involves selecting a sample at the outset of the study and then at each subsequent data-collection point surveying the same sample |
| cross-sectional design | a design in which the data are obtained at one point in time, but from groups of different ages or at different stages of development |
| causal - comparative method | a type of quantitative research that seeks to discover possible causes and effects of a behavior pattern or personal characteristic of comparing individuals in whom it is present with individuals in whom it is absent or present to a lesser degree |
| matching | procedure used to equate two groups or more extraneous variable so that these extraneous variables do not confound study of causal relationships involving the variables of the primary interest of the researcher |
| extreme-groups method | involves selecting comparison groups that are at the two extremes of a score distribution on one variable |
| Measuring instruments used in causal-comparative research | standardized tests, questionnaires, interviews, and naturalistic observations, etc. . . |
| t-test | a test of statistical significance that is used to determine whether the null hypothesis that two sample means come from identical populations can be rejected |
