| A | B |
|---|
| covalent bond | sharing of electrons |
| Okazaki fragment | small section of nucleotides that are added discontinously to the lagging strand |
| isomer | molecules with the same chemical formula but different molecular shapes |
| functional group | a group of atoms that confers a special property on a carbon based molecule |
| monomer | a small molecule or subunit that can be linked together to form a larger molecule |
| polymer | a large molecule made up of monomer subunits |
| carbohydrate | an organic molecule made up of C, H, and O atoms; provides immediate or stored energy. |
| monosaccharide | single sugar |
| disaccharide | 2 monosaccharides linked together |
| polysaccharide | 3 or more monosaccharides linked together |
| starch | energy storage for plants |
| glycogen | energy storage for animals |
| cellulose | complex carb that forms the cell walls of plants |
| chitin | complex carb that provides structural support in arthropods |
| lipid | a group of organic molecules that are insoluble in water |
| glyceride | glycerol head + fatty acid tail |
| triglyceride | glycerol head + three fatty acid tails |
| saturated fatty acid | no double bonds between carbon atoms; most common in animal fats; usually solid at room temp |
| monounsaturated | fatty acid that contains 1 double bond |
| polyunsaturated | fatty acid that contains 2 or more double bonds |
| steroid lipid | type of lipid made up of 4 carbon rings |
| phospholipid | a lipid that has a polar head and nonpolar tail |
| amino acid | building blocks of protein |
| polypeptide | a chain of amino acids that are not folded or functional |
| peptide bond | link amino acids to one another |
| primary structure | the amino acid sequence that defines a protein |
| secondary structure | a folded protein; alpha helix or beta sheets are examples |
| tertiary structure | a protein's 3-dimensional shape |
| quaternary structure | 2 or more polypeptides that are linked to form a single protein |
| denature | to alter a protein's shape |
| enzyme | a protein that facilitates and/or speeds up chemical reactions |
| hormone | chemical messenger |
| glycoprotein | protein + carbohydrate |
| lipoprotein | protein + lipid |
| nucleotide | monomer subunit of DNA and RNA |
| nitrogen bases | A, T, G, C, and U |
| deoxyribose sugar | sugar in DNA |
| ribose sugar | sugar in RNA |
| uracil | base found in RNA but not DNA |
| purine | double-ringed nitrogen bases |
| pyrimidine | single-ringed nitrogen bases |
| helicase | enzyme that unzips the DNA molecule |
| DNA polymerase | enzyme that adds free nucleotides to the parent strands during DNA replication |
| hydrocarbon | a chain of carbon and hydrogen atoms |
