| A | B |
|---|
| Venice | trading city on the northeast coast of Italy |
| Florence | city in central Italy, famous for its art |
| capitalism | an economic system based on the ownership of land, factories, and other means of production by private individuals or groups who compete with one another to produce goods and services offered on a free market for profit |
| condottieri | leaders of private bands of soldiers in italy around the 1300s and 1400s |
| Niccolo Machiavelli | Italian philosopher and author of "The Prince" |
| "The Prince" | book published as a guide to how rulers should act |
| humanism | a system of thought or action concerned with human interests and values |
| Medici | Italian merchant family who became despots and patrons of the arts |
| Petrarch | Italian poet, famous for his sonnets |
| Giovanni Boccaccio | Italian humanist and prose writer |
| Leonardo da Vinci | Italian painter, musician, sculptor, architect, engineer, and scientist known for the "Mona Lisa" and "The Last Supper"; sketched flying machines and inventions |
| Raphael | Italian painter who focused on religious subjects, especially Madonnas |
| Donatello | Italian sculptor who studied human anatomy to perfect his art; best work of Gattemelata (Venetian general) |
| Michelangelo | Italian sculptor, painter, architect, and poet (sculpted "David" and the "Pieta" and painted the Sistine Chapel |
| Gutenberg Bible | possibly the first European book printed with movable typed, finished about 1455 |
| Desiderius Erasmus | Dutch scholar and religious teacher, leader of the Northern Renaissance; wrote 'In Praise of Folly" |
| Sir Thomas More | English statesman and author of "Utopia", canonized in 1935 |
| "Utopia" | Greek for "nowhere"; book written by Sir Thomas More creating the perfect state |
| Albrecht Duerer | German painter and engraver |
| Rembrandt van Rijn | Low Country painter known for his paintings of human characters |
| William Shakespeare | English poet and dramatist |
| Miguel de Cervantes | Spanish writer, authoer of "Don Quixote" |
| despot | monarch having unlimited power; absolute ruler |
| Pieter Brughel | Flemish painter who focused on everyday life of peasants |
