| A | B |
|---|
| American Expeditionary Force: | name given to U.S. military forces sent to fight in Europe after the U.S. declaration of war on Germany in 1917. |
| archduke: | a prince, especially a prince of the ruling royal family of Austria. |
| armistice: | an agreement by two opponents to stop fighting. |
| Committee of Public Information (Creel Committee): | a committee headed by George Creel which enlisted speakers and writers in a campaign to encourage public support for the war effort during World War I (1917-1918). |
| czar: | title of the emperor of Russia prior to the communist takeover in the Russian Revolution of 1917 (also spelled tsar). |
| dissent: | to disagree with the opinion of others such as those in the majority or those in power. |
| doughboys: | American infantrymen who fought in World War I. |
| Espionage Act (1917): | a law which provided for severe punishment of persons convicted of spying, sabotage, or otherwise obstructing the war effort. |
| ethnic group: | a group of people regarded as unique because of their different customs, language, or other characteristics. |
| genocide: | the destruction or extermination of an entire group of people. The word was first applied to the attempted extermination of Jews by Nazi Germany. |
| idealistic: | having high ideals or principles and acting on them. |
| ideology: | the way of thinking of an individual or group. |
| international law: | a body of rules guiding the relations between nations that most nations have agreed should be followed by all. (For example, most nations have agreed that all nations should treat their prisoners of war in a humane way.) |
| international waters: | oceans and all other waters (except those claimed as territorial waters of a nation) which are open to ships of all nations. |
| internationalism: | a foreign policy of cooperation with other nations for the good of all. |
| League of Nations (1920-1946): | an association of nations designed to promote world peace and international cooperation -- later replaced by the United Nations. |
| militarism: | an attitude characterized by a nation's commitment to military strength and the willingness to use armed forces in achieving national goals. |
| neutrality: | a foreign policy of not taking sides in disputes between other nations. |
| pacifist: | a person who is opposed to war or the use of deadly force. |
| Red Army: | a communist army, such as the force which fought against the anti-communist White Army in the Russian civil war of 1918-1920. |
| reparations: | payments for war losses and damage by a defeated nation. (For example, Germany was obliged to make reparations after World War I.) |
| Russian Revolution (1917): | the revolution in Russia in which the government of the Czar was overthrown and later replaced by a communist government led by Lenin. |
| "Schenck v. U.S." (1919): | a case in which the U.S. Supreme Court decided that the U.S. could legally restrict freedom of speech when such speech presented a "clear and present danger" to the security of the U.S. during time of war. |
| sedition: | speech or actions which encourage disobedience to government. |
| Sedition Act (1918): | an amendment to the Espionage Act of 1917 which outlawed disloyal statements about the U.S. government. |
| Selective Service Act (1917): | a law which authorized the U.S. government to draft men between the ages of 21 and 31 into military service. The age limits were later expanded to 18 and 45. |
| Sussex Pledge (1916): | a promise made by Germany, in response to Wilson's angry protests over the sinking of a French passenger ship, the Sussex, that Germany would not sink civilian ships without warning or providing for the passengers' safety. |
| Treaty of Versailles (1919): | the treaty negotiated in Versailles, France which formally ended World War I. |
| Triple Alliance: | a military alliance of Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy formed before World War I. (Italy dropped out of the Triple Alliance when the war broke out in 1914.) Turkey and Bulgaria joined the alliance in 1914. |
| Triple Entente: | a military alliance of Great Britain, France, and Russia formed before World War I. |
| war bonds: | a certificate stating that the government has borrowed a certain amount of money for the war effort and that this money will be repaid, with interest added, to the lender. |
| Western Front: | the line of battle west of Germany where the armies of Great Britain, France, and later the U.S. fought against the German army. |
| Zimmerman Note (1914): | a diplomatic note sent by the German Foreign Secretary, Arthur Zimmerman, to the German minister in Mexico which authorized the minister to seek a German-Mexican alliance if the U.S. declared war on Germany. |
