| A | B |
|---|
| accelerations | FHR temporary abrupt increases of at least 15beats/min above the baseline that last less then 30seconds |
| absent variability | is less the 6 beats/min change from baseline for a 10min period & is typically caused by uterplacentaal insufficiency but can also be caused by maternal hypotension, cord compression, and fetal hypoxia |
| acrocyanosis | a peripheral blueness of the hands and feet due to reduced peripheral circulation,normal in newborns |
| adjustment | the outcome of coping aat some specific point in time |
| amnioinfusion | a procedure in which liquid is infused into the womb through a catheter, with the goal of reestablishing a sufficient amount of amniotic fluid around the fetus. Typically done during labor after rupture of the membranes. |
| baseline fetal heart rate | average FHR that occurs for at least 2 mins during a 10 min period of time, should be assessed while there are no uterine contractions. baseline FHR 110/min - 160/min for at least a 2 min period |
| baseline variability | fluctuation or constant changes in the baseline FHR within a 10 min window |
| bloody show | thick mucus mixed with pink or dark brown blood |
| cold stress | the increased metabolic rate required to generate body heat causes increased respiratory rateand O2 consumption |
| coping | a dynamic process in which emotions and stress affect & influence each other, coping changes the relationship between the individual & the environment |
| crowning | 3-4cm of the fetal head is visable at the vaginal opening |
| early decelerations | FHR temporary gradual decreases during contractions the FHR ALWAYS returns to the baseline rate by the end of the contraction |
| dilate | cervix opens |
| doula | a person who's job is to support and encourage the woman in the task of giving birth |
| efface | cervix thins |
| episodic changes | changes in the FHR that are NOT associated with uterine contractions |
| fetal bradycardia | occurs when the FHR is below 110 beats/min for 10 mins or longer |
| fetal tachycardia | baseline FHR greater then 160/min that lasts 10 mins or longer |
| fontanelle | any membranous gap between the bones of the cranium in an infant or fetus |
| Leopold's maneuver | A series of four maneuvers designed to provide a systematic approach whereby the examiner may determine fetal presentation and position. |
| lie | describes how the fetus is oriented to the mother's spine |
| marked variability | occurs when there is more than 25 beats of fluctuation over the FHR baseline and can indicate cord prolapse or maternal hypotension |
| moderate variability | defined as changes of 6 beats/min - 25 beats/min from the baseline FHR is desirable since it indicates good oxygenation of the central nervous system and fetal well being |
| molding | the fetal head changes shape as it passes through the pelvis |
| neutral thermal environment | an environment that is neither too hot or too cold; thus the body does not need to overwork itself to deliver O2 or increase its metabolic rate to maintain a normal body temp |
| nitrazine test | is used to determine the pH and is often used to determine whether a pregnant woman has a premature rupture & is leaking amniotic fluid |
| nuchal cord | a term used to describe a situation where the umbilical cord is wrapped around the fetus's neck |
| ophthalmia neonatorum | Any of various forms of conjunctivitis in newborns, usually contracted during birth from passage through the infected birth canal of the mother. |
| periodic changes | temporary changes in the baseline rate associated with uterine contractions |
| station | describes the level of the presenting part (usually the head) in the pelvis |
| sutures | seperation between fetal skull bones that permits molding during the birth |
| uteroplacental insufficiency | Placental insufficiency is insufficient blood flow to the placenta during pregnancy |
| efface | when contractions cause the cervix to thin |
| dilate | when contractions cause the cervix to open |
| mild contraction | fundus is easily indented with the fingertips, fundus feels similar to the tip of the nose |
| moderate contractions | fundus can be indented with the fingertips but with more difficulty, fundus feels similar to the chin |
| firm contractions | fundus cannot be readily indented with the fingertips; the fundus feels similar to the forehead |
| anterior fontanelle | a diamond shaped area formed by the intersection of 4 sutures (frontal, sagittal, and 2 coronal) |
| posterior fontanelle | a tiny triangular depression formed by the intersection of 3 sutures ( 1 sagittal and 2 lambdoid) |
| vertex presentation | the fetal head is fully flexed,the most favorable cephalic variation of presentation |
| presentation | refers to the fetal part that enters the pelvis first |
| military presentation | the fetal head is neither flexed nor extended |
| brow presentation | the fetal head is partly extended with the longest diameter of the head extended. Unstable presentation |
| face presentation | head is fully extended and face presents |
| frank breech | the fetal legs are flexed at the hips and extended towards the shoulders, the most common breech presentation |
| full/complete breech | a reversal of the cephalic presentation, with flexion of the head & extremities. Both feet and buttocks present at the cervix |
| footling breech | 1 or both feet are present first at the cervix |
| variable decelerations | abrupt decreases of 15beats/min below baseline, lasting 15 seconds-2mins. On the monitor they a V,W, or U shaped |
| late decelerations | similar to early deceleration EXCEPT that they begin AFTER the beginning of the contraction and do not return to the baseline FHR until AFTER the contraction ends. Suggests thaat the placenta isn't sending enough O2 to the fetus |
| prolonged deceleration | abrupt FHR decreases of at least 15beats/min from baseline that last longer then 2mins but less then 10mins . Causes could be: cord compression or prolapse, maternal hypotension or regional anesthesia |
| recurrent decelerations | decelerations that occur in more then 50% of uterine contractions in a 20mins period |
| intermittent decelerations | decelerations that occur in less then 50% of uterine contractions within a 20 minuted period |
| sinusoidal pattern | a specific FHR pattern that has a smooth, wavelike appearance or undulating pattern that recurs every 3-5mins and persists for 20mins or more |
| amniotomy | defined as the artificial rupturing of the membranes |
| normal uterine activity | 5 contractions within 10minutes averaged over a 30 minute period |
| tachysystole (increased uterine activity) | more then 5 contractions within 10 minutes for 2 consecutive 10 min periods |
| hyperstimulation | exaggerated uterine response with late FHR decelerations or fetal tachycardia >160 beats/min or other nonassuring FHR changes |
| Duncans delivery | the maternal side of the placenta, which is dull & rough, is delivered first |
| Schultze delivery | the fetal side of the placenta, which is shiny & smooth, is delivered first |
