| A | B |
|---|
| Ultrasound Exam | Uses high frequency sound waves to visualize structures inside the body. Fetal heart activity at 6-10weeks |
| Amniotic fluid volume (AFV) | ultrasound scan measures the amniotic fluid pocket in all 4 quadrants surrounding the mother's umbilicus and produces an amniotic fluid index (AFI) 5-19cm is normal |
| oligohydramnios | <5 cm, insufficient amniotic fluid volume |
| polyhydramnios | >30cm, excess amniotic fluid volume |
| Estimation of gestational age | ultrasound exam at 8 weeks gestation can measure the gestational sac |
| Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) | imaging technique provides a noninvasive radiological view of the fetal structures, including the placenta. Used when there is a high suspicion of an anomaly |
| Kick count | maternal assessment of fetal movement. Less the 3 kicks within an hour or cessation of movement for 12 hours needs evaluation |
| Doppler ultrasound blood flow assessment | uses high frequency sound waves to study the flow of blood through vessels |
| Alpha-fetoprotein testing (AFP) | test determines the level of this fetal protein in the pregnant woman's serum or in a sample of amniotic fluid;correct interpretation requires an accurate gestational age |
| chorionic villus sampling | sampling consists of obtaining a small part of the developing placenta to abalyze fetal cells at 10-12 weeks |
| Amniocentesis | procedure consists of insertion of a thin needle through the abdominal & uterine walls to obtain a sample of amniotic fluid. Standard amniocentesis is done at 15-17 weeks |
| non-stress test (NST) | test comprises evaluation with an electronic fetal monitor of the fetal heart rate (FHR) for accelerations of at least 15 beats/min lasting 15 seconds in a 20 min period |
| vibroacoustic stimulation test | similar to a NST; in addition, an artificial larynx device is used to stimulate the fetus with sound. Expected response is acceleration of the FHR, as in the NST |
| contraction stress test (CST) | an evaluation of the FHR response to mild uterine contractions using an electronic fetal monitor. At least 3 contractions lasting 40 seconds in a 10 min time period for interpretation of the CST |
| Biophysical profile (BPP) | consists of a group of 5 fetal assessments; Fetal breathing movements, Fetal body movements, Fetal tone( closure of the hands), and the volume of the amniotic fluid(AFI) |
| percutaneous umbilical blood sampling | obtains a fetal blood sample from a placental vessel or the umbilical cord. may be used to give a blood transfusion to an anemic fetus |
| tests of fetal lung maturity | use a sample of amniotic fluid to determine substances that indicate fetal lungs are mature enough to adapt ti extrauterine life |
| lecithin/sphingomyelin (L/S) | a 2:1 ratio indicates fetal lung maturity (3:1 ratio desirable for diabetic mother) fluid usually obtained by amniocentesis |
| foam stability index (FSI or "shake test") | presence of phosphatidylglycerol (PG) presense of phosphatidylinositol (PI) persistence of a ring of bubbles for 15 minutes after shaking together equal amounts of 95% ethanol, isotonic saline, and amniotic fluid |
