| A | B |
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| Petition of Right | Document signed by Charles I in 1628. Drafted by Parliament, this document was an attempt to limit the power of the English monarchs |
| Rembrandt | Famous Dutch artist who was active during the Golden Age of the Dutch Republic |
| Glorious Revolution | revolution in 1688; resulted in William and Mary taking the throne of England |
| Cavaliers | Common name for the King’s army during the English Civil War |
| James II | Brother of Charles II and a devout Catholic. Ruled England from 1685-1688. |
| Roundheads | Common name for the Parliamentary army during the English Civil War |
| John Locke | English philosopher and supporter of limited government |
| Commonwealth of England | A military dictatorship led by Oliver Cromwell following the English Civil War |
| Tories | Members of Parliament who supported divine right and wanted the king to have more power |
| Oliver Cromwell | Leader of the Roundheads and the New Model Army. He served as leader of the Commonwealth of England until his death in 1658 |
| Short Parliament | In April 1640, Charles I reconvened Parliament (they had not met in 11 years) in an attempt to pass new taxes. When Parliament refused, he ordered them to dissolve after only 2 months |
| Test Law | Passed in 1673 during the reign of Charles II, this law excluded non-Anglicans from military and civil service |
| English Civil War | 1641-1649; Sometimes known as the “Puritan Revolution”; a military conflict that emerged as a result of conflict between the king and Parliament |
| Arminianism | A form of Protestantism that is very similar to the Anglican Church or Church of England |
| Charles I | King of England from 1625-1649. He was executed at the end of the English Civil War. |
| English Bill of Rights | Very important government document signed in 1689. This document solidified England’s limited monarchy. It reduced the power of the king/queen |
| New Model Army | Founded in 1645 during the English Civil War, this Army was led by Oliver Cromwell. |
| William Laud | Bishop of London who temporarily served as head of the Church of England. Puritans disliked him because they believed he was secretly a follower of the Catholic Church |
| Charles II | Member of the Stuart Family and son of Charles I who had been living in exile in the Netherlands during the English Civil War. He was crowned king of England in 1661 and ruled until his death in 1685 |
| Diggers | A religious group that emerged during the English Civil War. They opposed private property of land and were especially concerned with agrarian reform |
| James I | King of England from 1603-1625. He was the first of the Stuart Family to rule England and came to the throne after the death of Elizabeth I |
| Whigs | Members of Parliament who supported limited monarchy and wanted Parliament to have more power than the king |
| Puritans | A Protestant group that emerged in England. They opposed both the Catholic Church and the Anglican church and wanted to “purify” England |
| William and Mary | King and Queen who assumed the throne of England in 1688 |
| Levellers | A religious group that emerged during the English Civil War; composed largely of Baptists and Puritans, they supported political reform that would benefit all levels of English society |
