| A | B |
|---|
| quantitative | numbers |
| qualitative | descriptions, details |
| Scientific Method | 1) Question 2) define problem 3) lit review 4) organization of info 5) interpret info |
| experimental | intervention with variables; see effects |
| correlational | what variables are related; determine relationships between two or more variables and look at cause and effect |
| causal-comparative | cause for consequence; possible causes |
| survey | gather data with questionnaires, interviews, surveys |
| ethnographic study | observing individuals and their experiences |
| content analysis | analyze different types of data |
| qualitative | observations; nonparticipant observer or participant |
| historical | look at artifacts from the past |
| evaluation research | formative and summative reviews |
| descriptive studies | describe a given state of affairs with quantitative or qualitative |
| associational studies | relate two things; investigate relationships |
| intervention studies | experiment change |
| Research Process | 1) state problem 2) question/hypothesis 3) definitions 4) lit review 5) sample 6) instrumentation 7) procedures to collect data 8) data analysis |
| ethics in research | protect participants and ensure confidentiality |
| deception | should not be done if you can help it; tell participants as soon as possible |
| Instructional Review Boards | IRB's using humans |
| independent variable | causes something |
| dependent variable | what you expect will change; outcome variable |
| extraneous variable | don't have control over |
| sampling | selecting a group for research |
| target population | the actual population the researcher would like to generalize |
| accessible population | the population the researcher can actual generalize |
| validity | make inferences; need to be appropriate, useful, meaningful, and correct |
| internal validity | relationship between the dependent and independent variable |
| threats to internal validity | subject characteristics, subject mortality, location, instrumentation, data collector characteristics or bias, history, maturation, attitude of subjects, regression, implementation |
