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| What is Arthroscopic surgary? | a minimally invasive surgical procedure in which an examination and sometimes treatment of damage of the interior of a joint is performed using an arthroscope, a type of endoscope that is inserted into the joint through a small incision. Arthroscopic procedures can be performed either to evaluate or to treat many orthopaedic conditions including torn floating cartilage, torn surface cartilage, ACL reconstruction, and trimming damaged cartilage. |
| How is total knee replacement performed? | Old joint is sawed off. Replacement joint is temporarily put in place. Joint is flexed. Glue is applied. replacement joint is set. Wound is sutured shut. |
| What are the parts of the skeletal system? | Bones, Joints, Cartlige, Ligaments, & Tendons |
| What are the two divisions of the skeletal system? | Axial and Appendicular |
| Axial Skeleton | Head, neck, trunk |
| Appendicular Skeleton | Arms and Legs |
| What are the functions of the bones? | Support body, protect organs, store minerals and fats, make blood, allow for major movement |
| About how many bones does the average human body have? | 206. Some people have extra ribs in their neck (angel wings) others have a different number of tail bones. |
| Do women and men have the same number of ribs? | Yes |
| What are the two basic types of bone tissue? | Spongy and Compact |
| What type of bone tissue abosorbs impact? | Spongy |
| What type of bone tissue stablizes the body? | Compact |
| Describe the long bone. | Longer than wide. Head at both ends of the shaft. Mostly compact bones. In adults fat and minerals are stored with it. |
| Describe the short bone. | Cube-shaped. Mostly spongy bones. Wrists, ankels, and knees. Make red bone marrow. |
| Describe the flat bone. | Thin and flattened, usually curved. Compact bone surrounds spongy bone. In Skull, ribs, sternum. Make red bone marrow. |
| Desscribe irregular bones. | Irregular shape, Make red bone marrow. Vertebrae, pelvis |
| The long bone cosists of which two major regions? | Diaphysis: shaft of mostly compact bone, Epiphysis: heads, mostly spongy bone |
| What surrounds the long bone? | Periosteum, fibrous connective tissue |
| Why does the periosteum have sharpey's fibers? | To secure the periosteium to the bone |
| What supplies long bones with nutrients? | Arteries |
| Why is articular cartilage needed? | Reduces friction. |
| What is articular cartilage and where is it located? | Dense hyaline cartilage found on the external surface of the epiphyses of long bones. |
| What is in the middle of the long bone? | Medullary cavity. |
| What is the function of the medullary cavity? | Contains yellow marrow in adults, contains red marrow in infants |
| Bones are not smooth. They contain bone markings, why? | Site of attachment for muscles, tendons, and ligaments, passages for nerves and blood vessels. |
| What are the two types of bone markings? | Projections: grow out of the bone surface, Deptressions or cavities: indentations into the bone surface |
| What is a haversian canal? | vertical canal containing blood vessels and nerves |
| What is a volkman's canal? | Canal perpendicular to hte haversian canal that caries blood vesses and nerves across the bone |
| What is an Osteon? | A unit of bone. Each osteon consists of concentric layers, or lamellae, of compact bone tissue that surround a central canal, the Haversian canal. |
| What is the lacunae? | Cavity containing the bone cell in concentric rings? |
| What is the lamellae? | Rings around the central canal. Where the lacunae are found. |
| What do canaliculi do? (Please don't pronouce it outloud.) | Tiny canals that transport substances to each lacunae. |
| In embryos the early skeleton is not made out of bone but instead is... | Hyaline cartilage |
| Where is hyaline cartalige? | Bridge of the nose, ribs, joints, spinal disks |
| What are epiphyseal plates also known as? | Growth plates? |
| How do bones grow? | New cartilage is formed, old cartilage becomes ossified...turns to bone. |
| What is a bone cell? | Osteocyte? |
| What cells form bone? | Osteoblasts? |
| What cells destroy bones? | Osteoclasts? |
| What is a closed fracture? | Break that does not penetrate the skin. |
| What is an open fracture? | Break that penetrates the skin |
| Who ofen gets spiral fractures? | Abuse victems. |
| What is a hematoma? | Blood-filled swelling in or around bone. (bruise) |
| What kid of cartiledge first bridges the bone gap? | fibrocartilage |
| Fibrocartilage is replaced by what? | Bony callus thicker than the orrigional bone. |
| Why do you have paranasal sinuses? | Lighten the skull, give the voice resenance. |
| What are the three types of joints? | Fibrous, cartilaginous, and synovial |
| Which joints are freely mobile? | Synovial |
| Which joints move slightly like the pelvis? | Cartilagious |
| Which joints, like sutures, do not move. | Fibrous |
| What are the sacks of fluid that are in your synovial joints called? | Bursae sacks |
| What your your tendons wrapped in to reduce friction? | Tendon sheath |
| What is bursitis? | Inflammation of the bursa sack from a blow or finction |
| What is Tendonitis? | Inflamation of the tendon sheeth |
| What is Arthritis? | Degeneration of the caraledge and eventually bone at the joint |
| What is osteoarthritis? | Most common form of arthritis caused by old age. |
| What is Rheumatoid arthritis? | Automimmune diesase with bilateral infalmation. Leads to deformaties. |
