| A | B |
|---|
| Elevation | vertical distance from sea level to a point on Earth's surface |
| Monsoon | Seasonal winds and rains in South Asia |
| Troposphere | Layer of atmosphere closest to Earth |
| Canal | man-made waterway for navigation or irrigation |
| Moraine | rocks and soil deposited by glaciers |
| Horizon | line where land and sky appear to meet |
| Tsunami | wave created by undersea earthquake |
| Mantle | layer of Earth between core and crust |
| Archipelago | a group of islands |
| Canopy | leafy layer of treetops in forests |
| Trench | long, deep depression in ocean floor |
| Avalanche | mass of snow, ice, earth, and rock sliding down a mountain |
| Oasis | water source in desert supporting vegetation |
| Delta | landform of deposited sediments where a river enters a larger body of water |
| Erosion | wearing away the surface of the land |
| Lava | molten rock erupting from volcanoes, or surface formed after rock cools |
| Current | water flowing in one direction |
| Frost | thin layer of ice crystals |
| Butte | tall, steep-sided tower of rock |
| Fault | area of fractured rock where Earth forces trigger earthquakes |
| Tributary | stream feeding a larger stream or river |
| Climate | average weather conditions over time |
| Gorge | land feature defined by steep, rocky walls |
| Bedrock | solid rock under a later of soil |
| Equinox | the day the Sun's rays shine vertically on the equator |
| Solstice | the day the Sun's rays shine vertically over the Tropic lines of Cancer or Capricorn |
| Humidity | measure of water vapor in the air |
| Bog | wet area with ground cover of decaying plant matter |
| Isthmus | narrow strip of land connecting two larger landmasses |
| Peninsula | land bordered by water on three sides |
| Island | land (smaller than a continent) surrounded by water |
| Continent | one of seven large landmasses on Earth |
| Ocean | large body of salt water |
| Bathymetry | measurement of depth below sea level |
| Cartography | study and making of maps |
| Salt Marsh | sediments and plants in an intertidal zone of fresh and salt water |
| Dune | hill of sand formed by wind |
| Reef | underwater structure created by colonies of coral |
| Atoll | ring of coral islands encircling a lagoon |
| Fjord | long, narrow inlet with steep sides created by glacial activity |
| Volcano | vent in Earth's surface from which lava, gas, and ash are released |
| Plateau | raised, flat stretch of land with steep slopes at the edges |
| Glacier | rivers of ice formed from snow that melts and refreezes |
| Mountain | Landform rising higher than surrounding land |
| Valley | long stretch of lower land between hills or mountains |
| Plain | Large area with little change in elevation |
