| A | B |
|---|
| plasmid | small, circular DNA found and transfered between bacteria |
| recombination | when genetic material from two different bacteria are combined into a single genome |
| conjugation | bacterial sex using a pili |
| transformation | necrophilic form of bacterial sex; the uptake of DNA by bacteria through their cells walls |
| lytic | describes a virus that lyses its host |
| retrovirus | uses reverse transcriptase to copy DNA from RNA |
| temperate | describes a virus that may incorporate itself into a bacteria and remain dormant |
| provirus | an integrated virus that is dormant |
| transduction | when a virus carries genes from one bacterial cell to another |
| transposons | "jumping" genetic elements |
| L1 Retrotransposon | 5% of the human genome is composed of this mobile genetic element |
| sticky ends | places where DNA is cut by restriction enzymes |
| restriction enzymes | used by bacteria to chop up unwanted viral DNA |
| cloning | producing duplicate copies of a genome |
| screening | method for locating colonies with recombinant plasmids |
| PCR | a method for amplifying DNA from small samples |
| insulin | first genetic engineering "product" |
| probe | a radioactive substance used to find a particular section of DNA |
| DNA sequencing | decoding DNA into its message of 4 bases |
| DNA fingerprinting | identifying an individual using their unique DNA banding pattern |
| library | a collection of transformed bacteria that each contain different pieces of recombinant DNA |
| Barbara McClintock | discovered transposons in maize |
| Max Delbruck | discovered the lytic cycle of viruses |
| pilus | a cytoplasmic extension |
| influenza | example of a disease caused by transduction of a virus |
| diphtheria | example of a bacterial disease worsened by infection by a phage carrying toxin genes |
| antibiotic resistance | carried on plasmid |
| cDNA | made from retroviral RNA |
