| A | B |
|---|
| solid | has definite shape and definite volume |
| liquid | has no definite shape, but has definite volume |
| gas | has no definite shape and no definite volume |
| plasma | has no definite shape and no definite volume; has electrically charged particles |
| matter | is anything that takes up space and has mass |
| solid molecules | the molecules vibrate in place while remaining "locked" together |
| liquid molecules | the molecules roll around each other but remain in contact |
| gas molecules | the molecules move freely and spread out indefinitely |
| melting | the change from a solid to a liquid; heat energy is increased |
| freezing | the change from a liquid to a solid; heat energy is decreased |
| vaporization | the change from a liquid to a gas; heat energy is increased |
| evaporation | vaporization from the surface of a liquid; heat energy is increased |
| condensation | the change from a gas to a liquid; heat energy is decreased |
| sublimation | the change from a solid to a gas; heat energy is increased |
| atom | the smallest part of all matter |
| nucleus | the center of the atom |
| proton | positively charged (+), found in the nucleus |
| electron | negatively charged (-); found circling the nucleus |
| neutron | have no electrical charge, neutral (0); found in the nucleus |
| states of water | liquid water, water vapor, and ice |
| radiation | the transfer of energy as electromagnetic waves. Energy can be transferred between objects that are not in direct contact with each other. |
| convection | the transfer of energy due to the movement of matter. |
| conduction | the transfer of energy from one object to another object through direct contact. |
| troposphere | layer of atmosphere closest to Earth; weather, all life, airplanes, birds |
| stratosphere | atmosphere layer including the ozone layer; weather balloons |
| mesosphere | coldest layer of the atmosphere |
| thermosphere | uppermost layer of the atmosphere |
| ionosphere | contains electrically charged particles; Auroras |
| exosphere | molecules escape into space; satellites |
