| A | B |
|---|
| diffusion | the movement of particles from regions of higher density to regions of lower density |
| osmosis | the diffusion of water through a semipermeable membrane |
| passive transport | the movement of substances across a cell membrane without the use of energy by the cell |
| active transport | the movement of substances across the cell membrane that requires the cell to use energy |
| endocytosis | the process by which a cell membrane surrounds a particle and encloses the particle in a vesicle to bring the particle into the cell |
| exocytosis | the process in which a cell releases a particle by enclosing the particle in a vesicle that then moves to the cell surface and fuses with the cell membrane |
| photosynthesis | the process by which plants, algae, and some bacteria use sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water to make food |
| cellular respiration | the process by which cells use oxygen to produce energy from food |
| fermentation | the breakdown of food without the use of oxygen |
| cell cycle | the life cycle of a cell |
| chromosome | in a eukaryotic cell, one of the structures in the nucleus that are made up of DNA and protein; in a prokaryotic cell, the main ring of DNA |
| homologous chromosome | chromosomes that have the same sequence of genes and the same structure |
| mitosis | in eukaryotic cells, a process of cell division that forms two new nuclei, each of which has the same number of chromosomes |
| cytokinesis | the division of the cytoplasm of a cell |
