| A | B |
|---|
| chromosomes | contains DNA which are duplicated |
| cell division | cellular respiration |
| binary fission | how bacteria produce, :dividing in half |
| chromatin | complex of DNA and protien molecules |
| somatic cells | other cells of body, other than the sex cells |
| cell cycle | orderly sequence of events from when a cell divides to the time it divides again |
| interphase | state that cell spends most of its time in, metabolic activity is high |
| mitosis | when a cell divides |
| cytokenisis | when the cytoplasm divides in two |
| mitotic phase | mitosis and cytokenisis |
| sexual reproduction | the reproductive process that includes the union of a sperm and an egg |
| mitotic spindel | football shaped structure of microtubules |
| MTOCs | clouds of cytoplasmic material that contail centrioles in animal cells |
| cleavage furrow | shallow groove in the cell's surface |
| cell plate | membrane-enclosed disc |
| anchorage dependence | when the same cells are poured onto a solid surface and allowed to attach |
| density-dependent inhibition | cells stop dividing when they touch another cell |
| growth factor | protien secreted by certain body cells that stimulates other cells to divide |
| cell-cycle control system | cyclically operating set of protiens that controls major movement in the cell |
| cancer cells | abnormal cells that divide excessively |
| tumor | abnormal mass of cells |
| benign tumor | abnormal mass of essential cells |
| maligant tumor | cancerous tumor |
| metasis | spread of cancer cells |
| carcinomas | cancers that originate in external or internal coverings of the body (EX: skin) |
| Sacromas | cancers in the bone or muscle |
| leukemias/lymphomas | cancers in bone marrow, spleen lymph nodes, etc |
| homologous chromosomes | two chromosones making up a matched pair |
| locus | a specific gene location |
| autosomes | twenty two pairs of chromosones consist of this |
| sex chromosones | other pair of chromosones that determine a persons gender |
| diploid cells | cells whos nuclei contain two homologous sets of chromosones |
| gametes | egg and sperm cells collectivly |
| haploid cells | a cell with a single chromosone set |
| fertilization | sperm reaches and fuses with a haploid egg cell |
| zygote | a fertilized egg |
| meiosis | a special sort of cell division that occurs only in reproductive organs |
| chiasma | a place where two homologous chromatids are attached to each other |
| genetic recombination | the production of genes combinations different from those carried by the original chromosones |
| Prophase | the first phase of cellular division |
| Metaphase | when the chromosomes line up along the metaphase plate |
| Anaphase | begins when the two centromeres of each chromosome come apart, separating the sister chromatids |
| Telophase | the reverse of prophase; daughter nuclei appear as the cell begins to split into two |
