| A | B |
|---|
| Muslims | These are the people who conquered northern africa starting in the 600s |
| stateless societies | a type of African society built upon social obligations due to age, gender, and occupation vs. traditional governments of centralized power in the hands of a king |
| animism | the belief in the power of natural forces being represented as spirits or gods |
| ancestor veneration | the belief that you are connected to your ancestors and they can influence your life. Therefore, you must keep the them happy to ensure goods fortune. |
| gold-salt exchange | the trade route in West Africa |
| Ptolemaic | the Hellenistic dynasty that would rule over Egypt |
| Julius Caesar | Dictator of Rome who helped the Queen of Egypt against her husband/brother (yes, same guy) |
| Cleopatra | The last ptolemaic leader of Egypt |
| Coptic Christianity | The church of Egypt |
| Carthage | Phoenician coloy that grew into a powerful empire-but fell to Rome in the Punic War |
| camels | animals Muslim merchants introduced which faciliated greater contact between North Africa and Sub-Saharan Africa |
| Berbers | Northwest Africans who led one of the Islam reformist movements (Almoravids) |
| Tours | 732 Battle in France where Muslim warriors were halted from progressing further into Western Europe by Christians under Charles Martel |
| Ethiopia | Christian kingdom in Africa separated by Muslims to the North and |
| King Lalibela | Ethiopian king who built |
| Axum | precurser to Ethiopia and fell around 600 when the Muslim began their advance into North Africa |
| Ghana | West African kingdom (200-1200) that grew rich and powerful off the gold-salt trade. Rulers and merchants adopted Islam. Eventually declined due to invading Almoravid armies in 1076.(Sudanese state) |
| Mali | West African Sudanese state that was around from about 1200-1500s and again grew rich off of the gold-salt trade and had Muslim rulers like Sundiata and Mansa Musa. |
| Griots | story tellers of Africa-transmitted history and knowledge of the past. Helped to connect to ancestors. |
| Sundiata | The "lion" prince who started the Mali Empire. His family was all murdered after his father died but him b/c he was a cripple. He overcame this then to retake his kingdom and created Mali. |
| juula | merchants of Mali |
| Mansa Kankan Musa | Great Mali King who took the hajj in 1324. He gave away about 1000 slaves and so much gold it produced inflation. People were very interested then in West Africa. He also took scholars back to West Africa. |
| Ibn Battuta | Great Moroccan explorer who had the "best life ever" and traveled around Africa, the Middle East, Eastern Europe, and like all of Asia (South, SE, E). He was a cleric who was treated like a king. |
| Timbuktu | great West African city built upon the wonderful gold-salt trade. |
| Songhay | a West African kingdom from about 1350-1600 with Muslim rulers and wealthy off the gold-salt trade. |
| bananas | due to trans-regional trade -this food spread from SE Asia to Africa |
| Hausa states | West Africa Kingdom that also had Sudanese characteristic of Muslim rulers and merchants. 100-1800 |
| slavery | increased in Africa due to Muslim demands from the Middle East |
| sharia | Islamic laws |
| Swahili | East coast of Africa -culture and language |
| Zenj (arabic terms) | East Coast of Africa -called the land of ____ |
| Zanj revolt | slaves from East Africa who were traded to the Muslim world in the Middle east turned against their lords and revolted in 869 under Ali bin Muhammad and established a rebel state. Crushed only when Abbasids were able to gain political power themselves due to them being ruled by slave armies! 879 crushed and 883 killed Ali |
| Kilwa | great city-state of west AFrica |
| city-states | both Yoruba and Swahili were politically this -ruled usually by various kings |
| Nok | ancient people before Yoruba who produced great terra cotta art (500 BCE -200 CE) |
| Yoruba | Area who spoke west Africa (Bantu speaking language) who organized into city-state with divine kings and practiced African religion and produced great art (terra cotta and bronze faces) |
| Swahili | Area of East Africa (Bantu speaking) who were organized into city-states most times under control of kings. The kings adopted Islam and participated in Indian Ocean Trade. |
| Ile-Ife | great Yoruban city |
| Ewuare the Great | Yoruban king of Benin |
| Kongo | central African kingdom from 1200-late 1800s. Politically had a king (mani kongo) who ruled over a collection of chiefdoms. |
| Shona peoples | Southeastern kingdom of Africa who controlled gold trade and became very wealthy. They traded with Swahili city-states and even had glass from China. Known for zimbabwe structures. |
| Mwene Mutapa | king of Shona peoples. |
| muskets | songhay fell to Muslim warriors in 1591 b/c they had these |
| secret societies | these were groups that cut across lineage divisions and clans. They reduced feuding and even checked the powers of the kings in places like Yoruba |
| demography | study of population |
| Swahili | trade flourished in East Africa as it become more connected to the Indian Ocean |
| Kings | they adopted Islam b/c the religion reinforced concepts of authority of the king |
| slavery | seen as a stage in conversion to Islam by many Muslims thus reflecting why slavery was so popular in Dar-al-Islam |
| writing | typically developed in states under the influence of Christianity or Islam...b/c they had writing traditions and recorded holy books. |
| Sunni Ali | Great ruler of Songhay |
| Mali | Sundiata in addition to starting the Mali empire organized society: freemen, people devoted to religion, and tradesment and specialists |
| Islam | Islam allowed Swahili coast to trade more in Indian ocean b/c it provided a religious bond between Muslim merchants in India, SE Asia, and Africa. |
| Berbers | led puritanical reform movements of Almoravids and Almohadis |
| Sahel | grasslands at the edge of the Saharan desert. This served as the major point of exchange between north and west Africa. |
