| A | B |
|---|
| allele | gene form for each variation of a trait of an organism |
| crossing over | exchange of genetic material by non-sister chromatids during late prophase I of meiosis, resulting in new combinations of alleles |
| dihybrid cross | fertilization between two organisms to study the inheritance of 2 different traits |
| diploid | a cell with two copies of each type of chromosome |
| dominant | visible, observable trait of an organism that masks a recessive form of the trait |
| egg | female sex cell or gamete |
| fertilization | fusion of male and female gametes |
| gamete | male and female sex cells; sperm and eggs |
| genetic recombination | major source of genetic variation resulting from crossing over or random assortment |
| genetics | branch of biology that studies heredity |
| genotype | an organism's gene combination |
| haploid | a cell of an organism that has half the number of chromosomes; one of each type of chromosome that makes up the genotype |
| heredity | passing on of characteristic from parents to offspring |
| heterozygous | having nonidentical alleles for a particular trait |
| homologous chromosomes | paired chromosomes with genes for the same traits arranged in the same order |
| homozygous | having identical alleles for a particular trait |
| law of independent assortment | Mendelian principle explaining that different traits are inherited independently if one different chromosomes |
| law of segregation | Mendelian principle explaining the disappearance of a specific trait in the F1 generation and its reappearance in the F2 generation |
| meiosis | cell division on which one diploid (2n) cell produces four haploid (n) cells called sex cells or gametes |
| phenotype | outward appearance of an organism regarding less of its genes |
| pollination | in a flower, the process of transfer of pollen grains from the anther to the stigma |
| recessive | hidden trait of an organism that is masked by a dominant trait |
| sexual reproduction | reproductive pattern in which haploid gametes fuse to produce a diploid zygote, which then develops by mitosis into a new organism |
| sperm | male sex cell or gamete |
| trait | inherited characteristic |
| zygote | fertilized egg; has diplois (2n) chromosomes; develops into a multicellular organism by mitosis |
