| A | B |
|---|
| plasma membrane | A structure that controls the movement of substances in and out of a cell. |
| concentration gradient | a difference in solute concentration in one area vs. another area |
| lipid bilayer | two layers of the plasma membrane |
| cholesterol | a lipid that provides the plasma membrane with stability / fluidity |
| transport protein | may assist with movement of substances across the membrane |
| passive transport | does not require energy to move substances across a membrane |
| active transport | requires energy to move substances across the cell membrane |
| diffusion | movement of substances from an area of higher concentration to lower concentration |
| facilitated diffusion | proteins help move substances across the membrane but no energy is required |
| osmosis | movement of water in the direction of higher solute concentration/lower water concentration |
| solute | a substance that is being dissolved |
| solvent | a substance used to dissolve something |
| endocytosis | large molecules are taken INTO a cell |
| exocytosis | large molecules move OUT of the cell |
| vesicle | an organelle used to transport substances within a cell |
| phospholipid | phosphate head + lipid tail |
| nonpolar | a substance that does not dissolve in water |
| ion pump | movement of ions across a cell membrane |
| ion | uneven number of protons and electrons |
| semipermeable | only CERTAIN substances are allowed to enter or exit |
| isotonic | solute concentrations are equal on BOTH sides of the cell membrane |
| hypotonic | solute concentration is greater on the INSIDE of the cell than on the outside |
| nucleus | controls the cell's activities |
| peripheral protein | a membrane protein that does NOT interact with the hydrophobic region of the phospholipid bilayer |
| integral protein | a membrane protein that can interact with the lipid bilayer; may span the entire membrane. |
| fluid mosaic model | the plasma membrane is a fluid, phospholipid bilayer that has a mosaic of proteins embedded in or capable of moving laterally across it |
| glycocalyx | the carbohydrate molecules associated with the plasma membrane; provide binding sites or involved with cell adhesion. |
| phagocytosis | engulfing large molecules using pseudopodia |
| pseudopodia | extensions of the cytoplasm used for movement or endocytosis |
| receptor protein | a protein that receives incoming signals; involved with communication. |
| hypertonic | solute concentration is greater on OUTSIDE of the cell than on the inside |
