| A | B |
|---|
| lineage | the belief in a common ancestry |
| stateless society | a society based on lineage rather than a central government |
| patrilineal | primary focus of ancestry is through the father |
| matrilineal | primary focus of ancestry is through the mother |
| Maghrib | region of north Africa, Mediterranean coast |
| Islamic law | Sharia’, laws that are interpreted from the Qu’ran |
| Almorvids | Berber group from Mauritania spread the teachings of Islam |
| Ibn Yasin | brought Islam teachings to Almovids |
| Almohads | usurped power from the Almorvids, followed the Islamic teachings of Ibn Tumart, more traditional than the teachings of the Almorvids. |
| social structure | the organized hierarchy of any society which is intended keep order and establish a model for social living. |
| circa | meaning “approximately” in dating an event |
| usurped | to seize and hold by force or without legal right: |
| autonomy | independence; freedom |
| Ghana | West African kingdom of the 700s – 1000 CE; grew rich from trade of salt and gold. |
| Mali | West African kingdom, circa, 1200s – 1400s, led by Sundiata and Mansa Musa |
| Sundiata | First great ruler of Mali |
| Mansa Musa | ruled Mali from 1312 – 1332; expanded Mali’s influence through Islam and brought great influence to Timbuktu as a center for learning and trade. |
| Ibn Battuta | Muslim traveler, writer and historian; recorded Mali’s reign under Mansa Musa |
| Songhai | West African Kingdom; gained great influence under Sunni Ali and Askia Muhammad in the areas of trade and learning through military conquest; conquered Mali |
| Hausa | group of city-states located in modern-day Nigeria, engaged in active slave trade |
| Yoruba | 1100- late 1600s, economy focused on trade of artisans’ wares, slave trade, and agriculture in present-day Benin |
| Benin | 1200s – 1480s, Niger River Delta, economy focused on artisans’ wares, trade, and slave trade, became a major West African nation. |
| Swahili | Language that is blending of Arabic and Bantu |
| Great Zimbabwe | City that grew into an empire built on the gold trade |
| Mutapa | Southern African empire that was established by the leader Mutota |
