| A | B |
|---|
| buffer | area of land that serves as a barrier |
| borderlands | buffer north of New Spain which protected it from New France, New Netherlands, and English colonies |
| presidio | fort that Spanish built once they found a good place to settle |
| St. Augustine | first permanent or long lasting European settlement in the US |
| scarce | not plentiful |
| haciendas | large estates in Texas, California, and New Mexico where cattle and sheep were raised |
| self-sufficient | self-supporting |
| missions | small religios communities started by the Franciscans |
| Father Juniperro Serra | helped build a string of 21 missions in California |
| El Camino Real | longest road linking missions to presidios to protect the missions from attacks by the Indians who had been mistreated by the Spanish |
| Royal Colony | colony ruled by King Louis XIV rather than by business people |
| portage | French method of carrying a light boat around waterfalls and rapids or over land between rivers |
| Jacques Marquette/ LouisJoliet | explorers of the Mississippi River who were hoping to find the NW passage |
| Sieur La Salle | explorer who claimed the Mississippi valley and all of its tributaries for France |
| tributary | branch of a large river |
| proprietary colony | colony owned by one person, the proprietor |
| John Law | Scottish banker who became the propreiter of Louisiana who ran the colony like a business for the French King |
| charter | document giving a person or group official approval to take an action |
| Jamestown | settlement started by the Virginia Company of London which had tobacco as an important cash crop |
| cash crop | crop that is raised to be sold to others for profit |
| Cecil Calvert | proprietor of the colony of Maryland which was a refuge, a safe place for religions |
| Puritans | group of religious settlers who came to Massachussets from England and wanted to make the church of England pure |
| Rev. Thomas Hooker | his idea was that colonies should be able to elect their own leaders |
| fundamental orders | first written systwm of government in N America formed in Connecticut following Hooker's belief |
| Roger Williams | forced out of the Puritan's colony because of his desire for freedom. he established the settlement of Providence |
| Ann Hutchinson | forced form the colony, started another settlement which along with Providence, became Rhode Islane |
| William Penn | propreitor of Pennsylvania who wanted to provide a religious refuge for colonists |
| Quakers | society of friends, religious group Penn belonged to |
| Eliza Lucas | experimented with indigo in the southern colonies |
| indigo | plant from which blue dye is made, became a major cash crop in the southern colonies |
| James Oglethorpe | was given a charter by King george to start a colony for debtors that became Georgia |
