| A | B |
|---|
| Progressivism | the reform movement of the early 1900s that was concerned with curing problems of urbanization and industrialization. |
| In His Steps | This 1896 Social Gospel novel by Charles M. Sheldon was centered around the premise of characters in a typical Midwestern city basing their behavior on the question “What would Jesus do?” |
| Muckrakers | the name for investigative journalists who wrote about corruption in business and politics, hoping to bring about reform. |
| Ida Tarbell | In 1900, this person published 19 articles in McClure’s magazine against Rockefeller’s Standard Oil company. |
| Closed Shop | workplace in which all of the employees must belong to a union. |
| Open Shop | place of employment at which one is not required to join or financially support a union as a condition of hiring or continued employment. |
| Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Fire | Disaster that occurred partly due to the fact that managers had locked the doors to the stairwells and exits – a common practice at the time to prevent pilferage and unauthorized breaks[5] – many of the workers who could not escape the burning building jumped from the eighth, ninth, and tenth floors to the streets below. The fire led to legislation requiring improved factory safety standards and helped spur the growth of the International Ladies' Garment Workers' Union, which fought for better working conditions for sweatshop workers. |
| Muller v. Oregon | In this 1908 case, the Supreme Court upheld a state law that limited workdays to 10 hours because of research that showed working long hours were harmful to women’s health and well-being. |
| ILGWU | his organization took a nonpartisan, local approach in an attempt to get state legislatures to grant women the right to vote. |
| Industrial Workers of the World (IWW) | Founded in Chicago in 1905, this union was organized to oppose capitalism and promote socialism. The leader of this union, William “Big Bill” Haywood, vowed to organize lumber workers, migrant farmers, miners, and textile workers to overthrow the capitalist system. |
| Margaret Sanger | (1) leader of the birth control movement who was found guilty in 1914 of obscenity for using the mail to promote contraception; (2) she hoped to reduce the number of unwanted pregnancies, particularly for poor women; she organized the NY Birth Control League |
| Prohibition | the name for the complete ban on the manufacture, sale, and transportation of alcohol. (This is NOT the name of the amendment.) |
| 18th Amendment | amendment ratified in 1919, this amendment prohibited the manufacture, transport, or sale of alcoholic beverages; it was sporadically enforced, violated by many, and repealed in 1933 |
| Women’s Christian Temperance Union | This organization, along with the Anti-Saloon League, led the crusade against alcohol in the late 1800s. |
| The Great Train Robbery | In 1903, this became the first movie to tell a story. By 1916, it was reported that films were the 5th largest industry in the US. |
| W.E.B. Du Bois | In 1895, this person became the first African-American to earn a doctorate from Harvard, believing African-Americans should be politically active in the struggle for racial equality. This person’s famous novel The Souls of Black Folk (1903) expressed the author’s dual identity as both African and American. |
| NAACP | This organization was dedicated to ending racial discrimination. It often used/uses the court system to fight civil rights restrictions. |
| The United Mine Workers Strike of 1902 | 150,000 workers struck for higher wages and recognition of their union. This strike was important because it was the FIRST TIME the federal government (under President Theodore Roosevelt) intervened in a strike to protect the interests of the workers and the public. |
| The Jungle | This 1906 book by Upton Sinclair depicted the wretched and unsanitary conditions at a meatpacking plant in Chicago. It helped lead to the Meat Inspection Act later in that same year that required federal government inspection of meat shipped across state lines. |
| Pure Food & Drug Act | 1906 law passed in response to questionable packaging & labeling practices in the food and drug industries; this act created a new federal agency that still monitors foods and medicines made or sold in the US |
| National Park Service | This organization helped manage the areas such as national monuments and wildlife refuges protected by the U.S. government. Areas under this organization’s control included (but was certainly NOT limited to) the Grand Canyon and Petrified Forest in Arizona. |
| 16th Amendment | Allowed Congress to levy a federal income tax |
| Clayton Antitrust Act | This clarified and extended an earlier act that tried to limit the power of monopolies. It created regulations such as not allowing companies to sell goods below cost to drive competitors out of business. |
| Federal Reserve Act | Legislation that created a 3-tiered banking system with these parts: (1) a board appointed by the president to run the system, (2) 12 banks under mixed public & private control, and (3) private banks which could borrow money from the 12 banks at interest rates set by the board. |
| Federal Trade Commission | agency created under President Woodrow Wilson allowed the US to aggressively regulate business; it still monitors & investigates firms involved in interstate commerce and has the power to issue "cease and desist" orders when businesses harm free competition |
| Federal Workmen’s Compensation Act | This ensured that federal workers injured on the job would receive benefits instead of being fired without pay. |
| Adamson Act | Federal law that established an eight-hour workday, with additional pay for overtime work, for interstate railroad workers |
| Keating-Owen Child Labor Act | prohibited the sale in interstate commerce of goods produced by factories that employed children under fourteen, mines that employed children younger than sixteen, and any facility where children under sixteen worked at night or more than eight hours daily. |
| National American Women’s Suffrage Act | This was the largest and most important suffrage organization in the United States, and was the primary promoter of women's right to vote. |
| 19th Amendment | Amendment to the US Constitution that prohibits any United States citizen to be denied the right to vote based on sex |
